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The New York World's Fair set aside one week in 1940 to attract Black Americans to the amazing technological, artistic, and cultural exhibits that would usher in a bright future for all mankind. The short span of days was referred to as Negro Week, July 23rd through July 28th. The goal of the Fair Commission was to provide a living picture of the American Negro and their contributions to the cultural heritage of the United States. Showcasing the benefits of science and art was in line with the Fair's mission statement in 1938: The World of Tomorrow, Peace Through Understanding. With the world at war in 1940 the mission statement emphasized a new theme: For Peace and Freedom. Many Black families left the streets of Harlem for a bus or train trek to Flushing Meadows and the potential marvels of a new age. One such family was the Freemans. This is the story of their experiences at the World's Fair and the troubling questions of racial justice that challenged them during the waning days of world peace, questions that still demand our attention today. Their story is worth knowing.
Most fans know that Jackie Robinson ended the ban against blacks playing professional baseball in 1947. However, almost all football fans do not know the name of the man who tried to end a similar ban against black players in the NFL. His name was Fritz Pollard and his place on the football field and in America's racial history has all but been forgotten. Who was the man who was inducted into the Collegiate Hall of Fame in 1954, and into the National Football Hall of Fame in 2005? Who was the man who was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame in 2015, and into the National Black Hall of Fame in 1973? Who was the man who inspired the Fritz Pollard Alliance established to champion coaching diversity in the NFL? Unfortunately, as is often the case with black athletes, their talents and achievements were often shunted aside in the past and seldom remembered in the present. This story is about a Brown University athlete who was the first black football player in the NFL, as well as its first black head coach during the league's formative years. It is also the story of one man's struggle to end discrimination on the gridiron, while seeking social justice for blacks in other avenues of American life. It is a story worth knowing.
Wars are a tragedy. Death and destruction define them. War also provides opportunities in a time of change. This was true for America's black soldiers in World War II, who were relegated to menial tasks and denied combat roles. That is, until the U.S. Army conducted a highly secret experiment in 1944-1945 by creating the all-black 555 Airborne. Unknown by the general public, men of color, participated in this classified effort, sacrificing everything to prove their competency and patriotism in their struggle for racial tolerance. They did so by leaping out of airplanes, not over wartime Japan or Nazi Germany, but rather California and the Northwest. There they fought the world's first intercontinental weapon, Japan's balloon bombs, carrying with them the threat of fire, blast, and biological warfare. In doing so, these young men became the Army's first fully certified smokejumpers amd contributed to winning the war. This is their story, neglected in our history books, to gain racial acceptance at a time when prejudice was all too common in America.
Most fans know that Jackie Robinson ended the ban against blacks playing professional baseball in 1947. However, almost all football fans do not know the name of the man who tried to end a similar ban against black players in the NFL. His name was Fritz Pollard and his place on the football field and in America's racial history has all but been forgotten. Who was the man who was inducted into the Collegiate Hall of Fame in 1954, and into the National Football Hall of Fame in 2005? Who was the man who was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame in 2015, and into the National Black Hall of Fame in 1973? Who was the man who inspired the Fritz Pollard Alliance established to champion coaching diversity in the NFL? Unfortunately, as is often the case with black athletes, their talents and achievements were often shunted aside in the past and seldom remembered in the present. This story is about a Brown University athlete who was the first black football player in the NFL, as well as its first black head coach during the league's formative years. It is also the story of one man's struggle to end discrimination on the gridiron, while seeking social justice for blacks in other avenues of American life. It is a story worth knowing.
This comprehensive collection of colonial records sheds new light on the interactions between Native Americans and early European settlers in New York. Robert Livingston, one of the most prominent figures of the time, provides firsthand accounts of negotiations, treaties, and conflicts, offering a fascinating glimpse into the complex web of relationships that defined the early American landscape.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
After a successful career as a prosecutor in New Orleans, Livingston was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1977. In addition to overseeing the only balanced budget in recent memory, Livingston, as Speaker-elect, oversaw the House proceedings that led to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1998. In his memorable last speech to Congress, he maintained that Clinton had inflicted irreparable damage on the country by lying under oath. Having been threatened with the exposure of his own personal indiscretions, Livingston famously shocked the country and stunned his colleagues and constituents by abruptly resigning his seat in Congress, while challenging President Clinton to resign as well.
The story of Bob Livingston is an American story. He began with little, worked hard, and made a lasting impact on American politics. The story of his successes and his failures is compelling and instructive. He tasted fame and fortune. He learned from his mistakes and survived. He found redemption in a successful and vibrant career and in the love of his children and wonderful wife of fifty-two years. Today, he is a happy
Everyone knows that Jackie Robinson was the first black baseball player to end the unwritten code, which maintained the professional game as a 'white only sport at the major league level. That was back in 1947 when Robinson played for the Brooklyn Dodgers. But was Robinson the first black professional baseball player? Historical evidence suggests otherwise. In 1884, playing for the Toledo Mud Hens in the old American Association, Moses Fleetwood Walker became the first black major leaguer. As was true of Robinson, Walker endured the vicious prejudice of his day, not only from the fans and the media, but also from his own teammates. As with Robinson, he found a way to transcend the bigotry of his day by his play on the field, and also as an inventor, a legitimate theater owner, a newspaper owner and editor, and as the author of the most important political treaties on race relations by any professional athlete, black or white. And he did this against a courtroom backdrop where his life hung in the balance for murdering a white man in a desperate altercation. Unlike Robinson's career and later professional life, Walker's life story was essentially written out of our baseball lore, and almost totally lost in our history. But it is a neglected story worth noting in our continuous effort to offer all Americans an equal opportunity on the baseball paths of life.
This comprehensive collection of colonial records sheds new light on the interactions between Native Americans and early European settlers in New York. Robert Livingston, one of the most prominent figures of the time, provides firsthand accounts of negotiations, treaties, and conflicts, offering a fascinating glimpse into the complex web of relationships that defined the early American landscape.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The three decades spanning the 1940's through the 1960's were influential in creating present day America. Beginning with the Manhattan Project and continuing to the Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon, the country experienced change on an unparalleled basis: the G.I. Bills in the 1940's, the development of suburbia and the supermarket in the 1950's, the emergence of television and fast food franchises in the 1960's, all led to vast changes in how Americans lived and worked. And, of course, there was the campaign against polio, along with the VISA Card and the push toward a cashless society. It was also a period that saw major league baseball migrant to California, the Cold War blow up in Korea, and the battle to save the Redwoods and our national parks for future generations. It was also a time when America's greatest female athlete performed and one man stood against the Japanese relocation camps, alone and disliked, but true to his moral compass. The enduring issue of civil rights and the need to end institutional racism painfully marked the period. The three decades were an astounding time of change with which Americans should be reacquainted.
There are many D days and H hours in a war. Set against some vast and seemingly cosmic clock, these innocuous letters--so insignificant in their apparent power--announce the precise day and exact hour when desperate men will be caught up in a deadly drama.
Later, when war's dreadful vocation is complete, some will come home to final resting places immaculately maintained while others--perhaps less fortunate--will find themselves in a veterans' administration hospital to recuperate, to heal their physical and emotional scars, and, once again, to make some small claim on life. Such is the story of one sailor who came home during the Vietnam War in the late 1960s and the teacher who saved his soul.
Americans, both black and white, marched off to war in 1918 to make the world safe for democracy. Unfortunately, the military was not immune from the racism of the times. Most often black soldiers were all but kept out of combat roles, or from becoming officers. Most blacks were given menial tasks, such as working in the kitchen, driving trucks, or constructing a barracks. The formation of the all-black 369th regiment from Harlem (New York City) sought to change this by getting black soldiers into combat. This is the story of the 369th, the first American soldiers on French soil who would spend more days in combat than any other unit. This is the story of the orphan soldiers, who were unwanted and unloved by the American military establishment, yet feared by German troops for their fierceness, and honored by the French nation for their courage in battle. It is also the story of one missing-in-action soldier, Ted Cole, who was intimately tied to the 369th's struggle to bring pride and glory to the black Harlem community. It is a story largely written out of our popular history, yet worth knowing.
Travels with Ernie is a story about a newly retired newspaper reporter, Robert Samuels, who is involved in a violent car crash. Regaining consciousness, he finds himself in a strange room with peculiar properties. It is able to read his thoughts, as does the unfamiliar man before him for whom time and place can be manipulated in compliance with Samuels's most hidden desires. The stranger, who refers to himself as a case manager, provides a guide, a long-dead journalist, Ernie Pyle, for the adventure awaiting Samuels.
The story is a kaleidoscope of many themes all tied to Samuels's desire to find redemption and, if possible, salvation before he dies for the choices of inaction that he made in his life. Together, the three travel to unusual places, each locale a heartbeat in Samuels's ethical struggle to advocate for social justice, where he, by his own failure to act, compromised the moral life he wanted to live--Okinawa in the Pacific; Gila River Indian Reservation in the Southwest; Seligman, Arizona; Lone Pine, California; Bly, Oregon; and Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Along the way, Samuels encounters forgotten figures in American history, each related to his redemptive struggle to live an ethical life--Ralph Lazo, Fred Korematsu, Iva Toguri, Charles W. David Jr., Captain Henry T. Waskow, Rabbi Alexander Goode, Angel Delgadillo, Ben Epstein, and Professor Peter Irons. All have a story to tell, which possibly will exonerate Samuels from his self-imposed sense of historical guilt.
Samuels's religious faith, such as it is, will be challenged by events, past and present. In the end, he is trying to make sense out of the chaos of life and the absurdness of human affairs. As such, it is a story that embraces us all.
Wars are a tragedy. Death and destruction define them. War also provides opportunities in a time of change. This was true for America's black soldiers in World War II, who were relegated to menial tasks and denied combat roles. That is, until the U.S. Army conducted a highly secret experiment in 1944-1945 by creating the all-black 555th Airborne. Unknown by the general public, men of color, participated in this classified effort, sacrificing everything to prove their competency and patriotism in their struggle for racial tolerance. They did so by leaping out of airplanes, not over wartime Japan or Nazi Germany, but rather California and the Northwest. There they fought the world's first intercontinental weapon, Japan's balloon bombs, carrying with them the threat of fire, blast, and biological warfare. In doing so, these young men became the Army's first fully certified smokejumpers and contributed to winning the war. This is their story, neglected in our history books, to gain racial acceptance at a time when prejudice was all too common in America.
America, December 1910... Five people secretively meet for seven days in Chicago's most famous residence, Hull House. Each has given lifetime to eradicating injustice. One is a dissenting Association Supreme Court Justice. Another is a diminutive black woman, who documented the history of lynch law in America and sought to end this horrific practice. The third person is the leader of immigrant settlement houses in the country. Youthful and passionate, the fourth person is anticipates the oratory of a later Martin Luther King, Jr. The last person, an agitating newspaper hack was in America by invitation and in Chicago to instigate a conspiracy to save the world from an impending disaster, a European war. If the conflict cannot be avoided, they have a clandestine plan for the survivors to avoid still worst wars in the future.
