School mathematics sometimes excite and sometimes scare, and sadly, sometimes bore. In fact, elementary school arithmetic seems to get us through most situations. So why all the rest? This book aspires to give a glimpse into how things started and evolved, and how math can help us today, from simple measurements to navigating using mathematically simplified maps. The accompanying activities (some easier and some more challenging ones) aim to engage you with what was happening at a given time. Answers and explanations are in the end of the book.