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Inertial navigation is widely used for the guidance of aircraft, missiles, ships and land vehicles, as well as in a number of novel applications such as surveying underground pipelines in drilling operations. This book sets out to provide a clear and concise description of the physical principles of inertial navigation, the associated growth of errors and their compensation. There is also detailed treatment of recent developments in inertial sensor technology and a description of techniques for implementing and evaluating such systems. This new edition includes a number of refinements covering sensor technology, geodesy and error modelling, plus new chapters on MEMS technology and inertial systems applications.
This book presents a comprehensive set of radar and electronic warfare principles including many of the latest applications in a clear and consistent manner.
Following on from the 3rd edition of this book (2004) Radar and Electronic Warfare Principles for the Non-specialist, 4th Edition, remains true to the traditional strength of the book, providing radar principles for the non-specialist, and also now introducing EW principles. All radar-related material has been reviewed, revised and enhanced as necessary.
New to this edition:
Topics covered include: electromagnetic propagation, target detection, antennas, measurements and tracking, radar cross section and system applications.
By reading this book, you should expect to be able to conduct a respectable, first-order radar system design or analysis and perform a first-order EW system design or analysis. This book will also provide you with the skills to critique the designs or analysis of others.
Using PV modules on top of agricultural fields offers a twofold advantage; generating clean energy and shielding crops. This systematic and comprehensive book provides an overview of agrivoltaics, covering technology as well as social, ecological, economic and regulatory aspects.
The subject of antenna measurements is one which has undergone revolutionary changes in recent years, in particular within space applications, where high demands are placed upon antenna design and construction.
This book represents the specific measurement technique known as the spherical near-field method. The theoretical treatment of the method is detailed but of sufficient generality to make the book useful as a basis for further research on near-field measurements and antenna coupling problems. Practical aspects of antenna test ranges, data processing schemes and measurement procedures are described. Other topics covered are measurement error analysis and generation of plane wave fields.
The authors draw on the experience from the development, sponsored by the European Space Agency, of one of the first spherical near-field test ranges. They have contributed to the establishment of spherical near-field testing as a highly accurate and versatile method, currently under implementation at test ranges worldwide.
Wearable exoskeletons are electro-mechanical systems designed to assist, augment, or enhance motion and mobility in a variety of human motion applications and scenarios. The applications, ranging from providing power supplementation to assist the wearers to situations where human motion is resisted for exercising applications, cover a wide range of domains such as medical devices for patient rehabilitation training recovering from trauma, movement aids for disabled persons, personal care robots for providing daily living assistance, and reduction of physical burden in industrial and military applications. The development of effective and affordable wearable exoskeletons poses several design, control and modelling challenges to researchers and manufacturers. Novel technologies are therefore being developed in adaptive motion controllers, human-robot interaction control, biological sensors and actuators, materials and structures, etc.
In this book, the editors and authors report recent advances and technology breakthroughs in exoskeleton developments. It will be of interest to engineers and researchers in academia and industry as well as manufacturing companies interested in developing new markets in wearable exoskeleton robotics.
In its simplest form, electrical stimulation is the application of electrical impulses to nerves via electrodes placed over the nerve or muscle or implanted within the body. The aim is to evoke a muscle contraction. People may not be able to activate their own muscles sufficiently to execute effective movement due to damage to the nervous system preventing the signals from the brain reaching the muscles, for example, after a stroke or spinal cord injury, or due to disuse, often because of pain. Electrical stimulation can be used to restore or improve impaired function by initiating or complementing muscle activity. Stimulation can be used either to provide exercise and so improve strength and endurance or timed to a physical activity such as walking to improve quality of movement and function.
Over the last twenty-five years electrical stimulation has moved from a research technique to an evidence-based clinical modality. Early applications were limited to the treatment of drop-foot and loss of upper limb function. However, advances in technology, understanding of neural recovery and clinical evidence have opened applications to treat a wide range of conditions, such as pressure sores, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, spasticity and lower motor neuron damage. The reader is taken from the history of therapeutic electrical stimulation, through the physiology that underpins its use, to practical guidance in clinical applications and the regulatory issues that need to be considered in the development of new technologies. It presents the research evidence for each application, reflects on new technologies and applications, such as the use of afferent stimulation to increase central and peripheral neural excitability, and provides practical guidance for clinical use.
Techniques and Technologies in Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Rehabilitation brings together experts from the fields of neuroscience, biomedical engineering and clinical research and practice. The non-technical style enables it to bridge the gap between disciplines, making it essential reading for clinicians, researchers, engineers and industrial developers specialising in electrical stimulation technologies. It aims to improve patient access to evidence-based interventions.
Clean energy provision and usage has a long history from an engineering perspective. This perspective can help understanding past and current developments at a time of increasing concern about climate change. Over many hundreds of years human beings have been extracting energy from their environment in various ways, many of which could also be acceptable in the future for achieving a lower energy carbon footprint.
This book for engineers, researchers and scientists in the renewable energy industries as well as for advanced students, investors, managers, and engineering historians, describes the engineering history of human methods for extracting energy from our environment, up to and including the electrical age.
Chapters cover the ancient and historical past, fuels between 1800 and 1900, science, engineering and electricity in the modern age, current energy vectors, clean and renewable energy, and an outlook to the future.
The book places those aspects and developments in context alongside present usage. It presents energy data in graphical or schematic ways to indicate these changes in different world regions, putting them in historical context. The goal is an understanding of the range of energy resources available to us from our environment.
State-of-the-art analogue integrated circuit design is receiving a tremendous boost from the development and application of current-mode approaches, which are rapidly superseding traditional voltage-mode techniques. This activity is linked to important advances in integrated circuit technologies, such as the 'true' complementary bipolar process; CMOS VLSI technology, which allows realisation of high-performance mixed analogue and digital circuits; and gallium arsenide processing, which has matured to a point where it can be used effectively in high-speed analogue circuit and system design. In this book, all three technologies are represented, with key building blocks, circuit designs and applications. Many very important, but recent, techniques are presented, including switched-current techniques for high-precision filtering and A/D and D/A conversion, current-based amplifying techniques, and neural networks. Translinear principles, current mirrors, and the current conveyor are also covered. This book draws together contributions from the world's most eminent analogue IC designers to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive text devoted to this important and exciting new area of analogue electronics.
Radar interferometers provide a cost-effective radar architecture to achieve enhanced angle accuracy for enhanced target tracking. The objective of this book is to quantify interferometer angle estimation accuracy by developing a general understanding of various radar interferometer architectures and presenting a comprehensive understanding of the effects of radar-based measurement errors on angle-of-arrival estimation. As such this book is primarily directed toward tracking radars but will also discuss imaging applications as well.
The Waveguide Handbook is an unabridged reprint of the book first published in 1951 by McGraw Hill as Volume 10 of the MIT Radiation Laboratory Series.
Although the primary aim of the book is to present the equivalent-circuit parameters for a large number of microwave structures, a brief but coherent account of the fundamental concepts necessary for their proper utilisation is included. The first three chapters summarise both the field and network theoretic considerations necessary for the derivation and utilisation of the basic transmission line-equivalent-circuit formalism. The mode concept and transmission-line formulation of the field equations are introduced in Chapter 1. This chapter contains an engineering treatment of the transmission-line theory necessary for the description of propagating and nonpropagating modes in the more important types of uniform and nonuniform waveguides. The field-structure, propagation, attenuation, etc., characteristics of the transmission-line modes so described are compiled in Chapter 2, with both quantitive and pictorial detail. The elements of microwave-network theory required for the analysis, representation, and measurement of the equivalent circuits for N-terminal microwave structures are outlined in Chapter 3; also contained in this chapter is a sketch of some of the field theoretic methods employed in the derivation of the equivalent-circuit parameters reported in Chapters 4 to 8. Although most of the above material is written for the impedance-minded microwave engineer, some of the sections should be of interest to the applied mathematician. The remaining chapters contain a compilation of the equivalent-circuit parameters for a variety of nondissipative N-terminal microwave structures. In Chapter 4 a number of two-terminal structures, such as beyondcutoff and radiative waveguide terminations, are treated. Obstacle and aperture discontinuities in waveguides, gratings in free space, etc., are among the four-terminal structures described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with six-terminal microwave structures and contains the equivalent-circuit parameters for a number of E-and H -plane T- and Y-junctions, bifurcations, etc. Several eight-terminal structures are treated in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 contains the circuit description of a number of typical composite microwave structures; dielectric-filled guides, thick apertures, etc.
This edition also contains a new preface by the editor and several pages of errata which he has collected over the past thirty-five years.
Technology is ever-changing in the field of aircraft avionics and new systems may require a different approach to testing. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revises its regulatory material as a result of system updates and therefore requirements for airworthiness testing also need to be updated.
Test and Evaluation of Aircraft Avionics and Weapon Systems, 2nd Edition is a unique training book which serves as both a text and practical reference for all personnel involved in avionics and weapons system evaluation and testing, in the air and on the ground. Whether training pilots and personnel or planning to test systems, this book provides readers with the fundamentals and practical information needed to get the job done.
This new edition has been updated and expanded to offer additional chapter exercises plus three new chapters;
In the era of big data and multi-connectivity via IoTs, protecting and securing multimedia data has become a real necessity and priority for organizations and businesses, but this can be a rather difficult task due to the heterogeneous nature of platforms and data sets. It is therefore essential to improve the security level of multimedia information by developing core technologies to prevent the loss and damage of information during processing and transmission.
This book covers innovations and future perspectives in access control and security monitoring of multimedia Information processing and transmission. The authors present cybersecurity, privacy and control methods and technologies integrated with blockchain and multimedia AI, including encryption and watermarking techniques, wearable-based IoT security methods, multimedia data forensics and deepfake video security monitoring.
This will be a useful reference for researchers, engineers and scientists in both academia and industry as well as lecturers and advanced students for developing efficient methods, frameworks and techniques for multimedia information processing security and privacy. It will also be of interest to multimedia platform and system developers and designers.
In the context of information security, social engineering is the manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging information for the purpose of gathering, defrauding, or gaining unauthorized system access. While some of the most common forms of social engineering involve telephone or social networks where criminals pose as employees of targeted organizations, phishing accounts for 96% of all successful cyber-attacks. Governments and private organizations have responded through various means such as training employees, executing internal vulnerability assessments, and ad campaigns. Despite all these efforts, phishing continues to provide the primary cyber-attack vector for nefarious entities.
Phishing attacks continue to escalate, with over 300,000 reported incidents in the US alone last year. This book provides an in-depth look at the anatomy of modern phishing threats and how they are evolving with AI technologies. Readers will learn about the latest social engineering tactics used by cybercriminals, including deepfakes for audio/video manipulation and AI-generated spear-phishing campaigns, and discover emerging defensive tools that leverage machine learning to detect anomalies and protect against hyper-personalized phishing attempts. With phishing losses averaging millions per breach, this book equips readers with the knowledge to identify risks and implement robust countermeasures as these attacks become increasingly sophisticated and difficult to spot.
Written by two experts in the field, bringing together their wide experience in academic research, security engineering, incident response and cyber forensics, this book offers valuable insights for researchers, engineers, cybersecurity professionals and organizational leaders working in cyber security, information technology, network and infrastructure security, endpoint protection, data governance, risk and compliance, digital forensics, incident response, operational technology and industrial control systems.
Digital twin (DT) technology is a real-time evolving digital duplicate of a physical object or process that contains all its history. It is enabled by massive real-time multi-source data collection and analysis. While 6G is considered as an enabler of digital twins, DT can also be a facilitator for integrating AI and 6G towards reliable, pervasive and efficient intelligent technologies.
While the DT concept is familiar among aerospace and industrial engineers, it is a relatively new topic among electronic, electrical, computer, communications and networking engineers. For future massive-scale industrial internet-of-things (IoT) applications facilitated by DTs, a 6G network will be much more advantageous than its 5G counterpart.
Digital Twins for 6G: Fundamental theory, technology and applications aims to bring together knowledge from industrial practitioners and researchers, and to introduce novel concepts that can help address the challenges associated with this interdisciplinary topic. The authors will cover fundamentals, enabling technologies, standards and advanced topics of DT and 6G to demystify the DT concept and its networking requirements and benefits, support a broader understanding of DT and its relationship with 6G to a larger audience, support learning and understanding for researchers and professionals working on 5G and 6G, and create a foundation on DT and 6G for the international research community.
This book is intended to be both a tutorial of the important topics around digital twin and advanced wireless communications technologies, including 6G, as well as an advanced overview for technical professionals in the communications industry, technical managers, and researchers in both academia and industry.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of advanced metaverse wireless communication systems including theoretical analysis, technology enablers, novel system architecture design, new implementation methodologies, emerging application scenarios, experimental frameworks, as well as reliability, security, privacy, technical and ethical considerations, open challenges and future perspectives.
A comprehensive overview of advanced metaverse wireless communication systems including theoretical analysis, technology enablers, novel system architecture design, new implementation methodologies, emerging application scenarios, experimental frameworks, as well as reliability, security, and privacy.
Energy provision for low income or remote communities is a difficult challenge, with many still depending on polluting and costly fossil fuels. Transporting energy is a further problem since some communities are only accessible during brief periods of the year. Local energy generation is a key solution, but technical challenges need to be overcome.
This hands-on treatise explores technologies and approaches for accelerating deployment of accessible clean energy and discusses obstacles hindering that deployment. The primary focus is on engineering topics, although contributions from non-engineering application experts are also included. Chapters cover principal aspects of energy provision for low-income communities, low cost and energy-efficient housing designs, solar energy for low-income communities, solar PV integration in residential buildings, rural electrification in low-income communities and in remote communities using wind and solar energy, advances in biofuels production, and as a case study, modelling and forecasting energy mix scenarios for Turkey.
Clean Energy for Low Income Communities: Technology, deployment and challenges offers in-depth discussion of this multidisciplinary topic for an audience of researchers in academia, renewable energy and utilities experts in industry, technology manufacturers and advanced students, as well as energy experts in think tanks and development banks.
This co-authored book provides guidance on approaches to the modelling and simulation of energy systems in the built environment. The intention is to equip readers with the understanding required to compose high integrity models, commission realistic simulations, and interpret predictions to assess life cycle performance and ensure operational resilience. To address the myriad of challenges of the clean energy transition, this co-authored book provides guidance on approaches at various scales and complexities to the modelling and simulation of energy systems in the built environment. The intention is to equip readers with the understanding required to compose high integrity models, commission realistic simulations, and interpret predictions to assess life cycle performance and ensure operational resilience. The book describes the modelling and simulation requirements of the often-competing technology approaches that will progressively underpin sustainable energy solutions.
A metaheuristic is a higher-level procedure designed to find, generate, or select a heuristic or partial search algorithm that may provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem with incomplete or imperfect information or limited computation capacity. Metaheuristics can often find good solutions with less computational effort than other algorithms. Modern and emerging power systems, with the growing complexity of distributed and intermittent generation and EV charging, are an application for such methods.
The new edition of Metaheuristic Optimization in Power Engineering in two volumes uses a MATLAB-based software package for testing and comparing methods, and includes several new and substantially revised and updated chapters. Volume 1 covers principles and key algorithms, such as genetic and swarm algorithms, gravitational and metaheuristic algorithms, power flow and power dispatch under consideration of renewable generation.
Volume 2 focuses on power distribution networks, including power flow, voltage control and regulation, optimisation of generation placement and sizing, state estimation analysis.
This reference for researchers and advanced students working on power system analysis and optimization offers an overview of metaheuristic optimization approaches to solving problems in modern power systems.