Physical culture can be crudely defined as those exercise practices designed to physically change the body. In modern parlance we may associate physical culture with weightlifting, physical education, and/or calisthenics of various kinds. While the modern age has experienced an explosion of interest in gym-based activities, the practice of training one's body has a much longer, and fascinating, history. This book provides an engaged and accessible historical overview from the Ancient World to the Modern Day. In it, readers are introduced to the training practices of Ancient Greece, India, and China among other areas. From there, the book explores the evolution of exercise systems and messages in the Western World with reference to three distinct epochs: the Middles Ages and Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and its aftermath and the nineteenth to the present day. Throughout the book, attention is drawn not only to how societies exercised, but why they did so. The purpose of this book is to provide those new to the field of physical culture an historical overview of some of the major trends and developments in exercise practices. More than that, the book challenges readers to reflect on the numerous meanings attached to the body and its training. As is discussed, physical culture was linked to military, religious, educational, aesthetic, and gendered messages. The training of the body, across millennia, was always about much more than muscularity or strength. Here both the exercise systems, and their meanings are studied.

This book addresses one of the most pressing issues of our time: How can we design for, with, and in service of the complex world we live in? How can we be useful as designers in a rapidly changing world due to technological, political, and social processes, as well as climate change and nature destruction?

Designers have some beneficial skills for planning with complex systems in mind, yet some old habits need to be overcome. Design's traditional purpose and role has been to solve problems, find order, organize, and simplify. Yet, the concept of designing complexity goes against these established beliefs because complexity cannot be designed away. So, instead, we present ways to live with, influence, and benefit from complex systems.

There is no one right way presented in this book. Instead, many experiences, approaches, and perspectives are collected and presented. The process this book offers is a methodology called Systems Oriented Design (SOD). SOD is a design methodology and practice primarily geared toward understanding and working with complex systems. Several systems theories influence it, yet it remains true to its origin, the core of designing. SOD is a living and adaptable methodology. Though it is based on design thinking and design methodology, it is easily adapted and applied by anybody working with complex change processes.

The Zionist pedagogical narrative reproduced in schoolbooks views the migration of Jews to Israel as the felicitous conclusion of the journey from the Holocaust to the Resurrection. It negates all forms of diasporic Jewish life and culture and ignores the history of Palestine during the 2000-year-long Jewish exile. This narrative otherizes three main groups vis-à-vis whom Israeliness is constituted: Holocaust victims, who are presented in a traumatizing manner as the stateless and therefore persecuted Jews we refuse but might become again if we lose control over Palestinian Arabs, who constitute the second group of others. Palestinians are racialized, demonized, and portrayed as our potential exterminators. The third group of others comprises non-European (Mizrahi and Ethiopian) Jews. They are described as backward people who lack history or culture and must undergo constant acculturation to fit into Israel's Western society.

Thus, a rhetoric of victimhood and power evolves, and a nationalistic interpretation of the never again imperative is inculcated, justifying the Occupation and oppression of Palestinians and the marginalization of non-European Jews. This rhetoric is conveyed multimodally through discourse, genres, and visual elements.

The present study, which advocates a multidirectional memory, proposes an alternative Hebrew-Arabic, multi-voiced and poly-centered curriculum that would relate the accounts of the people whom the pedagogic narrative seeks to conceal and exclude. This joint curriculum will differ from the present one not only in content but also ideologically and semiotically. Instead of traumatizing and urging vengeance, it will encourage discussion and celebrate diversity and hybridity.

This book addresses one of the most pressing issues of our time: How can we design for, with, and in service of the complex world we live in? How can we be useful as designers in a rapidly changing world due to technological, political, and social processes, as well as climate change and nature destruction?

Designers have some beneficial skills for planning with complex systems in mind, yet some old habits need to be overcome. Design's traditional purpose and role has been to solve problems, find order, organize, and simplify. Yet, the concept of designing complexity goes against these established beliefs because complexity cannot be designed away. So, instead, we present ways to live with, influence, and benefit from complex systems.

There is no one right way presented in this book. Instead, many experiences, approaches, and perspectives are collected and presented. The process this book offers is a methodology called Systems Oriented Design (SOD). SOD is a design methodology and practice primarily geared toward understanding and working with complex systems. Several systems theories influence it, yet it remains true to its origin, the core of designing. SOD is a living and adaptable methodology. Though it is based on design thinking and design methodology, it is easily adapted and applied by anybody working with complex change processes.

In If This Is a Man, Italian Jewish writer Primo Levi wrote an ethical treatise on how to regain humanity after atrocity. His need to write developed at Auschwitz. Upon return to Italy in late 1945, he began to compose his first testimonial work. In After Poland, a story written as both a biography and a memoir, scholar Cheryl Chaffin travels to Poland because of her love for Levi's writing and his story. As a student in Italy in the 1980s, Chaffin first discovered Levi's work. Years later, his words accompany her through sites of memory and modern streets of rebuilt cities and towns. Chaffin turns to Polish art, poetry, photography, and politics to make sense of interconnected histories. This is a literary love story of one's woman's confrontation with the trauma of history. In deep engagement with Levi's writing, she discovers her own ethical response to the world and learns how to live in response to the histories that haunt us.

The right to play sport fairly and safely is universally recognized. Consequently, there have always been regulations about competition in which people may compete - Male, Female, under-age, certain weight groups, etc. The female category has been traditionally open only to biological female athletes. Recent societal shifts in gender theory proclaim gender as a fluid concept, saying that a person's gender identity has greater importance than birth sex. Transwomen athletes, born male but identifying as women, demand it is their human right to play in the female category. Following IOC guidance, many sports assented to the change. This means that in a physical contest, biological females are pitted against one special group of biological males, those who identify as women. Female athletes who miss team selection or lose to a transwoman have no other category in which to play. Can transgender inclusion co-exist with fairness, physical safety, and integrity in women's sport? Is erasure of purely female achievements and records acceptable? Are rewards, fame, affirmative programs, and sporting careers for females not important? Does authentic female sport cease to exist? What are solutions? This text presents the bio-physiological-sport science research that dismantles the myth that there is no performance advantage of transitioned transwomen athletes. It also explores the legal framework protecting sex-divided sport. The focus is on elite competition. There are also implications for grass roots and pre-pubertal children in sport. This text provides essential background for athletes, sports administrators, the public, and LGBT+ communities to debate this hot button issue with openness and respect.

Social history is only one kind of history. Still, it is exactly the type of history that disability demands to be told, especially due to the universality of the disability experience. Doris and Frieda Zames remind us that handicapism is the only ism we all will experience if we live long enough. Although disability will always arguably be about physical differences (of body, mind, intellect, personality, etc.), its universal nature means that it should logically be the king/queen of identity politics, while it has long been the pauper. This story helps explain why that was and is today, and what America's unique and sometimes unpleasant role in the story is.

This text attempts not just to represent the American experience with disability but the American experience. The further we move away from 1990 and the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the less that demarcation seems to be distinct and dichotomous, and the more America seems to be an abject case study of identity possibility in flux, placed squarely at the intersection of the rational and irrational, the qualitative and quantitative, the old and new, the individual and collective, and at the nexus of classic liberalism and neomodernism. In fact, the ADA was reauthorized in 2008, an indication of the constructivist nature of disability policy.

This book is intended to be useful and informative, whether as a classroom textbook or as a conversation starter on the coffee table. It also uses the unique tools of the social historian to tell the story.

Invented in Australia, the remarkable men's shed movement has spread from the back blocks of Australia to reach a total of more than 1,400 Men's Sheds in diverse countries on opposite sides of the world. This book provides a fascinating, carefully evidenced and definitive story of men's sheds for the first time. It is a book and movement whose time has come. Many nations are struggling to meet the needs and interests of men beyond the workplace. Over two decades, the men's shed movement has mushroomed from the ground up to become a strongly networked international movement, not only in Australia, but now Ireland, the UK, New Zealand, and continental Europe. How and why this has happened and what the evidence and research means for service providers, communities and the men in the men's sheds movement is thoroughly explored. Lead author, Professor Barry Golding, Federation University Australia, is the respected world expert in the field, being a patron of the Australian Men's Shed Association and the winner of the coveted Ted Donnelly Award in 2013 for his outstanding contribution to the men's shed movement.

Immersive Theatre: Engaging the Audience is a collection of essays that look to catalogue the popularization of immersive theatre/performance throughout the world; focusing on reviews of works, investigations into specific companies and practices, and the scholarship behind the role an audience plays when they are no longer bystanders but integral participants within production. Given the success of companies like Punchdrunk, Dream Think Speak, and Third Rail Projects, as current examples, immersive theatre plays a vital role in defining the theatrical canon for the twenty-first century. Its relatively modern and new status makes a collection like this ripe for conversation, inquiry, and discovery in a variety of ways. These immersive experiences engage the academy of the community at large, going beyond showcasing prototypical theatre artists. They embrace the collaborative necessity of society and art--helping to define the stories we tell and the WAY in which we tell them.

Lilyology reclaims and repositions Australian Indigenous Knowings in a vibrant, theorizing space. It navigates terrain within and between Indigenous Knowings and Western Knowledges. Indigenous Knowings are fundamentally different to Western Knowledges, and many Indigenous researchers/educators struggle in finding their place within the framework of Western Knowledge. At the same time, non-Indigenous researchers/educators are challenged to understand and contextualise Indigenous Knowings as ontologies and epistemologies in their own right. This book hypothesizes this difference by navigating a space of colliding trajectories, urging forward the author and other Indigenous researchers/educators to pursue alternate ways to express, operate within, and find ways to play in this space. This book uses metaphor, story, and imaging to embody the author's own Knowing through the crafting of Lilyology with waterlilys, sweet potatoes, spiders, and brick walls.

How does power work in sport, especially when there seems to be no one enforcing unspoken rules? Power is about influence and relationships, and the ability to discipline, control, and steer the actions - and even the thoughts - of others. This can be done in different ways: directly, using force or hard methods such as punishment for breaking laws; or indirectly, without the use of harsh sanctions or physical violence.

One way of analyzing power is through the concept of hegemony - a soft form of power exercised through consent rather than force, through ongoing interaction between the powerful and powerless to produce common sense understandings of society and culture. This book focuses on how hegemony works, particularly in sport, to understand how power, dominance, and resistance may manifest in different ways within a variety of contexts, in theory and in practice. It also discusses how hegemony can work within sport and how dominance and power are maintained - as well as sometimes being challenged or resisted. Through discussions to help students develop tools for analyzing issues of power and empirical examples that show how various concepts can bring a deepened understanding of sport and society, this book gives insight into how hegemony works, particularly in sport.

Gender Performativity in Sports and Physical Education explores a perspective of gender called gender performativity, coined by Judith Butler in the early 1990s. It starts from the idea that gender is something people do rather than something they are. Such a perspective offers new ways of understanding gender, and therefore also gender equity, in sports and physical education. It provides new ways to think about how inequitable practices can change. Empirical illustrations of gender performativity in sports and physical education are mainly drawn from Håkan Larsson's thirty-year research on the matter, but connections are also made to other research in the field.

Their ever-evolving popularity notwithstanding, audiobooks remain a rather undertheorized phenomenon. The prevailing handful of existing studies seem to have adopted an inherently historicist approach, which fails to identify and scrutinize their aesthetic importance. Thus, rather than regarding them as mere recorded 'versions' of existing literary works, this book explores them as the unique products of a hitherto undefined artistic genre. As performance-based aural artifacts, the very act of listening to them is rendered an aesthetic experience in its own right. By effectively embracing an interdisciplinary approach and introducing a set of aesthetic questions and philosophical conundrums (ignited by a paradigmatic application of the New Institutional Theory of Art), this study establishes a new aesthetic category-which, in turn, not only classifies audiobooks as artworks to all intents and purposes, but also generates the criteria and parameters for evaluating their merit. Since the proof of the proverbial pudding is purportedly in the eating, in surveying a series of concrete case studies-each highlighting different degrees of complexities-this study mainly examines first-person narratives as the most natural medium for the aesthetics of the audiobook. As such, the investigation herein provides one with comparative close listenings, appropriately analyzing and debating their aesthetic properties. Finally, in exploring what this study identifies as one's informed intuition and its role in the craft of casting audiobooks, this study also proposes a new understating of how aesthetic appreciation works in action.

This guide is designed for both students and practitioners in the legal and aviation industries. Written in clear and accessible language, it caters to readers without prior legal knowledge while remaining highly relevant for legal experts. The book explores key principles of international air navigation law, as outlined in the 1944 Chicago Convention and its annexes. It also examines the Warsaw System of liability and provides a comprehensive overview of the roles and functions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Settler Colonialism, Sport, and Recreation interrogates the interconnections between settler colonialism and sport, recreation, and physical activity, theorizing sport as a site of ongoing colonial violence and a vital space of resistance, refusal, and reterritorialization. Laurendeau explains that settler colonialism is not a relic of the past moment but an ongoing genocidal project in still-settling states as they perpetually work to claim ownership of and authority over stolen lands as part of a project of capital accumulation. Moreover, Laurendeau highlights settler colonialism is a fundamentally relational project, structuring the lives not only of Indigenous peoples but of all who live in occupied territories. Drawing primarily but not exclusively on examples unfolding on lands claimed by Canada, Laurendeau explains that sport and recreation constitute a critical cultural space that produces and/or challenges ideas about bodies, relationships, belonging, nationhood, sovereignty, and more.

Comprehending what power is, may be, or imagined to be, through human considerations is vital, since the energy used to generate power is life's social and cultural fabric. Since power is understood in many ways, it shows that it is too complicated to just conveniently rationalize from a compartmental methodology. However, there is also a paradox here since power can be reduced to the simplicity of acting in a certain way or not acting in a certain way. This 'acting' may be self-induced or from pressure applied by others and societal expectations. Hence, power is multifaceted, but also of a binary yes or no within its potentiality and actuality. It is the versatile nature of power within the space of its binary disposition that the book interweaves with. When 'interweaving, ' eleven 'faces' have been selected to offer what power is and does. Eight are prominent social thinkers or 'simply' thinkers who consider what life is, as it may be incorrect just to restrict or label them to the social aspect of living, as being of and in existence is more than that. Another is the physical evolving environment through which all living beings enjoy movement. One other participates with power through religious filters of production, and the remaining one is an artistic appreciation of how to power. My face of power filters these faces.

Social history is only one kind of history. Still, it is exactly the type of history that disability demands to be told, especially due to the universality of the disability experience. Doris and Frieda Zames remind us that handicapism is the only ism we all will experience if we live long enough. Although disability will always arguably be about physical differences (of body, mind, intellect, personality, etc.), its universal nature means that it should logically be the king/queen of identity politics, while it has long been the pauper. This story helps explain why that was and is today, and what America's unique and sometimes unpleasant role in the story is.

This text attempts not just to represent the American experience with disability but the American experience. The further we move away from 1990 and the passage of the ADA, the less that demarcation seems to be distinct and dichotomous, and the more America seems to be an abject case study of identity possibility in flux, placed squarely at the intersection of the rational and irrational, the qualitative and quantitative, the old and new, the individual and collective, and at the nexus of classic liberalism and neomodernism. In fact, the ADA was reauthorized in 2008, an indication of the constructivist nature of disability policy.



This book is intended to be useful and informative, whether as a classroom textbook or as a conversation starter on the coffee table. It also uses the unique tools of the social historian to tell the story.

When Adolf Hitler hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, he used the Games to rally political support in Germany and abroad for his white supremacist worldview. In doing so, Hitler not only ruptured the myth that politics and sports do not mix, but he also initiated the first major instance of sportswashing: hosting a sports mega-event to launder one's stained reputation on the world stage. The 1936 Berlin Olympics: Race, Power, and Sportswashing situates these controversial Games in the longer political history of the Olympics and examines the behind-the-scenes machinations that led to the International Olympic Committee handing these Games to Germany in the first place. In the United States, the Berlin Olympics catalyzed a raucous, if ultimately unsuccessful, boycott campaign that raised serious concerns about racialized repression in the host country. The Berlin Games furnished a high-profile testing ground for racial theories rooted in white supremacy-the marrow in the Nazis' ideological bones-where Black athletes like Jesse Owens thrived. The Games also brought innovations-like the Olympic Torch Relay-that were subsequently woven into Olympic tradition. Sportswashing is a significant concern in modern-day sports studies; this book demonstrates how the Olympic Games have long been both a potential pedestal for autocrats to boost their unsavory regimes and a flashpoint for human-rights criticism. Although history does not gift the present moment with crisp facsimiles from the past, thinking through history illuminates patterns and possibilities that can help make sense of the whirling swirl of today.