The discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance earned Felix Bloch and Ed Purcell the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics. What their discovery took advantage of, is that protons are the world's smallest magnets. These tiny magnets can also be used to make a magnetometer, of the type described in this book. This book describes how to build a proton precession magnetometer, suitable for measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. This method of measuring magnetic fields offers the theoretically highest possible precision, limited only by the known value of the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton. Uses of the magnetometer include: making precise measurements of the Earth's magnetic field, calibrating low field magnetometers, teaching modern signal processing techniques, demonstrating nuclear magnetism and NMR to students, and measuring nuclear magnetic relaxation in liquids. The Earth's field proton precession magnetometer, called the Magnum, described in this book, was formerly a commercial product, developed and sold by Exstrom Laboratories LLC. It was designed by Stefan Hollos and Richard Hollos.

Unrivaled in its coverage and unique in its hands-on approach, this practical guide to the design and construction of scientific apparatus, or laboratory instruments, is essential reading for every scientist and student of engineering, and physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Featured in this great new edition are features including the physical principles governing the operation of the mechanical, optical and electronic parts of an instrument, new sections on detectors, low-temperature measurements, high-pressure apparatus, and updated engineering specifications. 400 hand drawn figures and tables, have been added to this edition, which basically teaches scientists and engineers how to perform experiments.

Indian astronomical texts give the coordinates of the yogataras or junction stars of nakshatras. These coordinates have been interpreted as polar coordinates, which depend on the position of the north celestial pole. Polar coordinates of a star should change with time due to precession. However, different astronomical texts written over many centuries give same coordinates for most yogataras. This has resulted in indian astronomers being called incompetent, who did not observe the positions of the stars with accuracy.

Examples of such disciplines include:

• Astrophysics
• Galactic astronomy
• Galaxy formation
• Cosmology
• Astrometry
• Extragalactic astronomy
• Stellar astronomy
• Formation of stars

Astronomy is the study of the space and all of its amazing moving parts. The study of space, in particular its stars and planets, has a long history, both of assisting farmers to know when it was time to plant and keeping sea faring travelers on the right longitude.

Dobsonian telescopes are the most popular beginner telescope and first came to prominence in the 1960's. They have provided many thousands of amateur sky-watchers with a low-cost, dependable telescope which allows them to see deep into the night skies. There are numerous types of this popular telescope which are available to buy, and getting the one that best suits your needs is something that could prove to be a challenge. In this new book by Allan Hall, Choosing and Using a Dobsonian Telescope, you will find all the information you will need to make the most informed choice on your purchase, including: *A brief history of the telescope *The different manufacturers *Selecting the right one for your purposes *Accessories *Set up and use *Useful tips and tricks *Where to find more information *And much more... A telescope is not an insignificant purchase and you may want to make sure you spend your hard earned money where it counts when it comes to getting the right piece of equipment for your star-gazing, so it pays to make sure that you are going to buy something that is relevant to you and which will give you many years of pleasure. By reading Choosing and Using a Dobsonian Telescope, you will become more informed and better positioned to make the right choice, the first time. And with a special section devoted to the accessories you can buy, including things like eyepieces, filters, cases, collimators and many more, you will also be making the right choices when it comes to these too. Whether you are watching the skies from the comfort of your own back yard, or using your telescope at a remote dark site it pays to get the right equipment for you. Get your copy of Choosing and Using a Dobsonian Telescope now Make sure you know all about this wonderful type of telescope, before you buy.

This book describes the design, construction and commissioning of the cryogenic systems at the European Spallation Source, a new Big Science Facility. It also describes the experiences and lessons learned in building a complex cryogenic system in a brand new laboratory with significant in-kind contributions.

These essays draw on recent and versatile work by museum staff, science educators, and teachers, showing what can be done with historical scientific instruments or replicas. Varied audiences - with members just like you - can be made aware of exciting aspects of history, observation, problem-solving, restoration, and scientific understanding, by the projects outlined here by professional practitioners. These interdisciplinary case studies, ranging from the cinematic to the hands-on, show how inspiration concerning science and the past can give intellectual pleasure as well as authentic learning to new participants, who might include people like you: students, teachers, curators, and the interested and engaged public.

Contributors are Dominique Bernard, Paolo Brenni, Roland Carchon, Elizabeth Cavicchi, Stéphane Fischer, Peter Heering, J.W. Huisman, Françoise Khantine-Langlois, Alistair M. Kwan, Janet Laidla, Pierre Lauginie, Panagiotis Lazos, Pietro Milici, Flora Paparou, Frédérique Plantevin, Julie Priser, Alfonso San-Miguel, Danny Segers, Constantine (Kostas) Skordoulis, Trienke M. van der Spek, Constantina Stefanidou, and Giorgio Strano.

This book is both an introduction and a demonstration of how Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) can greatly enhance Microsoft Excel(R) by giving users the ability to create their own functions within a worksheet and to create subroutines to perform repetitive actions. The book is written so readers are encouraged to experiment with VBA programming with examples using fairly simple physics or non-complicated mathematics such as root finding and numerical integration. Tested Excel(R) workbooks are available for each chapter and there is nothing to buy or install.

The 2nd volume of 'Advances in Measurements and Instrumentation: Reviews' Book Series contains 9 chapters written by 21 authors from 7 countries: Brazil, China, France, India, Mexico, Russia and Spain. But it is not a set of reviews. As usually, each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained results. It can be a valuable tool for those who are involved in research and development of different measuring systems.

The aim of this book is to describe the fundamental aspects and details of certain gas chromatography applications in Plant Science, Wine technology, Toxicology and the other specific disciplines that are currently being researched. The very best gas chromatography experts have been chosen as authors in each area. The individual chapter has been written to be self-contained so that readers may peruse particular topics but can pursue the other chapters in the each section to gain more insight about different gas chromatography applications in the same research field. This book will surely be useful to gas chromatography users who are desirous of perfecting themselves in one of the important branch of analytical chemistry.

IV-VI and IV-VI2 semiconductors are among the most interesting materials in semiconductor physics. The electrical properties of these semiconductors can also be tuned by adding impurity atoms. These semiconductors either have already found use or are promising materials for infrared sensors and sources, thermoelectric elements, solar cells, memory elements, etc. The basic characteristics of these compounds, namely, narrow bandgap, high permittivity, relatively high radiation resistance, high mobility of charge carriers, and high bond ionicity, are unique among semiconductor substances. Because of their wide application in various devices, the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study. Doping with impurities is a common method of modifying and diversifying the properties of physical and chemical semiconductors. This book covers all known information about phase relations in ternary systems based on IV-VI and IV-VI2 semiconductors, providing the first systematic account of phase equilibria in ternary systems and making research originally published in Russia accessible to the wider scientific community. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science, solid state chemistry, and engineering. It will also be relevant for researchers at industrial and national laboratories, in addition to phase diagram researchers, inorganic chemists, and solid-state physicists.

FEATURES

• Provides up-to-date experimental and theoretical information
• Allows readers to synthesize semiconducting materials with predetermined properties
• Delivers a critical evaluation of many industrially important systems presented in the form of two-dimensional sections for the condensed phases

William Crookes was one of the great nineteenth century experimental physicists. One day, as he was working in his lab, he made a discovery that would become an obsession and the centerpiece of his life for the next several years. He discovered that when he brought a source of heat close to a ball suspended in a vacuum, the ball would be repelled.

He thought that he had discovered a link between heat and the force of gravity. This started him on a long series of experiments that eventually led to the common Crookes radiometer that you see today.

This book tells the story of those experiments and how some of the greatest physicists of that time grappled with the enigma of how the device works. It also explains the current physical understanding of the device and presents a few basic physics problems related to how the device works.

This monograph describes lumped-element modelling techniques for inductively-coupled pulsed accelerators, starting from the basic physical description of the various processes and then bringing all the pieces together into solutions. Coilguns, inductive pulsed plasma thrusters, and compact toroids have each been individually studied using the methods used in this monograph.

This monograph is of interest to researchers and graduate students in physics, engineering, and mathematics presently studying inductively-coupled pulsed accelerators.

Features

• The first book to unify the lumped-element modelling techniques for various inductively-coupled pulsed accelerator implementations.
• Discussion of modelling different accelerators in a coherent, rigorous manner, demonstrating the similarities and differences for each type.
• Authored by authorities in the field.

Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Third Edition delivers a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. The text gives those working in academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their understanding of the field by covering basic and advanced theoretical concepts, recognition mechanisms, conventional and advanced instrumentation, method development, data analysis, and more. This third edition addresses new developments in the field with updated chapters from expert researchers. The book is a valuable reference for research scientists, teachers, university students, industry professionals in research and development, and quality control managers.

Facts and Arguments for Darwin is a seminal paintings authored with the aid of Fritz Müller, a 19th-century German biologist and naturalist. This book serves as a compelling and influential defense of Charles Darwin's concept of evolution through herbal selection. In the work, Müller meticulously provides a wealth of empirical proof and persuasive arguments in support of Darwin's innovative thoughts. He draws from his large studies of flora and animals, in particular in the wealthy biodiversity of Brazil, to provide concrete examples of ways herbal choice operates within the natural global. Müller's work now not best bolstered Darwin's principle but additionally brought particular insights. He made vast contributions to the expertise of coevolution and mutualism in ecosystems, dropping mild at the complex relationships between species. Through Facts and Arguments for Darwin, Fritz Müller made a profound impact at the acceptance and dissemination of Darwin's evolutionary concept. His determination to empirical research and rigorous medical inquiry helped pave the manner for the broader attractiveness of Darwinism inside the scientific network. Today, Müller's contributions to biology and his advocacy for the ideas of herbal choice remain recognized and celebrated, making Facts and Arguments for Darwin an enduring testomony to the electricity of empirical science and the development of evolutionary concept.

The Microscope is a seminal paintings authored by Andrew Ross, a outstanding English optician and microscope maker of the 19th century. This comprehensive e-book is a sizable contribution to the sphere of microscopy and clinical instrumentation. In this pioneering paintings, Ross delves into the principles, production, and realistic packages of microscopes. He offers distinctive insights into the design and mechanics of microscopes, in conjunction with instructions on how to use them successfully for clinical statement and research. The Microscope not handiest serves as a treasured guide for the ones inquisitive about microscopy but also highlights the essential role of microscopes in advancing medical understanding. Ross's meticulous descriptions and illustrations of microscope components and techniques made microscopy greater handy to a broader audience, inclusive of scientists, naturalists, and students. Moreover, Ross's work reflects the enthusiasm and curiosity of the generation's clinical network, as microscopes were instrumental in coming across previously unseen worlds and phenomena. His book contributed to the popularization of microscopy and the speedy advancements in organic and medical research throughout the nineteenth century. The Microscope via Andrew Ross stays a undying aid for anybody inquisitive about the history and realistic applications of microscopes.

Where is ET and how does he look like? The fast rate of discovery of exoplanets is telling us that millions of planets in the universe are most probably teeming with life.
But the extremely small probability that life, once born, evolves into homo sapiens tells us that ET is most probably just a bacterium.
A possible answer to the Fermi paradox ('where is everybody?') is therefore: they are all out there, on millions of planets, but bacteria do not build spaceships.
Homo sapiens is alone in a universe teeming with life.

Grating Spectroscopes and How to Use Them is written for amateur astronomers who are just getting into this field of astronomy. Transmission grating spectroscopes look like simple filters and are designed to screw into place on the eyepiece of a telescope for visual use, or into the camera adapter for digicam or CCD imaging. Using the most popular commercially made filter gratings - Rainbow Optics (US) and Star Analyzer (UK) - as examples, this book provides the reader with information on how to set up and use the grating one needs to obtain stellar spectrograms. It also discusses several methods on analyzing the results. This book is written in an easy to read style, perfect for getting started on the first night using the spectroscope, and specifically showing how the simple transmission filter is used on the camera or telescope. No heavy mathematics or formulas are involved, and there are many practical hints and tips - something that is almost essential to success when starting out. This book helps readers to achieve quick results, and by following the worked examples, they can successfully carry out basic analysis of the spectra.

CHRONOMETERS - Marine and pocket chronometers, pocket watches with tourbillons or carousels form, in the large family of clocks, a small group of very precisely running timepieces with little sensitivity to external influences, such as variations in temperature. In the text, the author takes up the fascinating development and history of the chronometer, portrays the most important manufactures in short biographies, and reports on the great voyages of discovery in the 18th Century that proved the utility of the chronometer as a navigational instrument. The illustration section, divided into five sections on the basis of historical and technical standpoints, portays some 350 items in the antique trade and at auctions or seen in private collections, with special emphasis placed on illustrations of their movements.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.