Oxford's highly successful listener's guides--The Symphony, The Concerto, and Choral Masterworks--have been widely praised for their blend of captivating biography, crystal clear musical analysis, and delightful humor. Now James Keller follows these greatly admired volumes with Chamber Music. Approaching the tradition of chamber music with knowledge and passion, Keller here serves as the often-opinionated but always genial guide to 192 essential works by 56 composers, providing illuminating essays on what makes each piece distinctive and admirable. Keller spans the history of this intimate genre of music, from key works of the Baroque through the emotionally stirring golden age of the Classical and Romantic composers, to modern masterpieces rich in political, psychological, and sometimes comical overtones. For each piece, from Bach through to contemporary figures like George Crumb and Steve Reich, the author includes an astute musical analysis that casual music lovers can easily appreciate yet that more experienced listeners will find enriching. Keller shares the colorful, often surprising stories behind the compositions while revealing the delights of an art form once described by Goethe as the musical equivalent of thoughtful people conversing.
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The clavichord seemed an ideal antidote to all this modernity, and its repertoire - from the exuberance of the virginalists to the elegance of the classical style - a return to an ordered musical civilization. The very idea of using it as a tool for contemporary music is therefore surprising in some ways, so the gentleness of the modernity exemplified by Herbert Howells'
seminal post-Tudor set Lambert's Clavichord of 1928 was probably critical to some of the success of what followed. As Richard Terry wrote in a review of that volume, 'Sooner or later it was bound to come that some modern English composer would set himself or herself to write music for these resuscitated instruments of the past. The danger would have been considerable, had the first attempts been more imitations of the old idiom'.
Compositions for the clavichord in the early 20th century depended on the availability of both working instruments and interested performers, and the narrative of the clavichord revival (Chapter 2) and its performers (Chapter 3), and the means by which these elements came together (Chapter 4), takes the view that musical serendipity had a important part to play.
How many clavichords existed, where they were located, what was played on them, and by whom, is less important than the circumstances in which an individual composer might hear a concert or broadcast that stimulated an idea for a work, happened across an instrument or maker, wrote for a clavichord they owned themselves, or met a performer looking (or not) for
new repertoire. This is partly because the normal compositional outcomes for (say) the equivalent harpsichord repertoire - a public recital, a recording or a publication - do not apply to the clavichord in the same way. Nor was there a repertoire - such as the major 20th century harpsichord concertos - to follow as a model, and thus contribute to a known tradition. Nevertheless, the clavichord offered novelty of sound, and some unique characteristics such as bebung (finger vibrato), thus new compositions attracted adventurous performers looking for more dissonant and exciting repertoire; as with the harpsichord, some contemporary music specialists emerged, while others commissioned or performed new works occasionally.
The development of the modern clavichord repertoire is explored in Chapter 5, taking first Britain - whose particular musical and stylistic characteristics owe much to the instrument makers there and to neoclassical and pastoral traditions - then the US, and Europe. While some recent Calls for Scores have brought in interesting new composers from further afield, including Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia, the performing tradition for new clavichord repertoire is still mainly focused on the US and Britain - for now. By way of encouragement, practical advice is offered for composers (Chapter 6) and for performers (Chapter 7) - it is clear that personal relationships between the two parties have much to do with the successful creation of new repertoire, and it is important for both sides to understand each other.
The detailed Catalogue is supported by a Select Discography and an extensive Bibliography. Referencing throughout has been thorough, as (for example) three key documentary sources, the De Clavicordo Magnano conference proceedings, the journal Clavichord International and the British Clavichord Society Newsletter, are available only in print form, and not widely
available, the proceedings series having ended and the other two periodicals ceased publication.
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Buy this book right now!A new biography of Shostakovich that views him through the intimate music of his string quartets
Most previous books about Dmitri Shostakovich have focused on either his symphonies and operas, or his relationship to the regime under which he lived, or both, since these large-scale works were the ones that attracted the interest and sometimes the condemnation of the Soviet authorities. Music for Silenced Voices looks at Shostakovich through the back door, as it were, of his fifteen quartets, the works which his widow characterized as a diary, the story of his soul. The silences and the voices were of many kinds, including the political silencing of adventurous writers, artists, and musicians during the Stalin era; the lost voices of Shostakovich's operas (a form he abandoned just before turning to string quartets); and the death-silenced voices of his close friends, to whom he dedicated many of these chamber works.Wendy Lesser has constructed a fascinating narrative in which the fifteen quartets, considered one at a time in chronological order, lead the reader through the personal, political, and professional events that shaped Shostakovich's singular, emblematic twentieth-century life. Weaving together interviews with the composer's friends, family, and colleagues, as well as conversations with present-day musicians who have played the quartets, Lesser sheds new light on the man and the musician. One of the very few books about Shostakovich that is aimed at a general rather than an academic audience, Music for Silenced Voices is a pleasure to read; at the same time, it is rigorously faithful to the known facts in this notoriously complicated life. It will fill readers with the desire to hear the quartets, which are among the most compelling and emotionally powerful monuments of the past century's music.