2021 Hardcover Reprint of 1950 American Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850) was a French economist, statesman and author. He did most of his writing during the years just before and just following the Revolution of February 1848 in France. This was the period during which France was turning to Socialism. The Law is here presented again because the same situation was perceived to being transpiring in American in 1950, when this translation was first published. The explanations and arguments then advanced against socialism by Mr. Bastiat are were equally relevant for many Americans in the 1950s. Contents: Life is a gift from God -- What is law? -- A just and enduring government -- The complete perversion of the law -- A fatal tendency of mankind -- Property and plunder -- Victims of lawful plunder -- The results of legal plunder -- The fate of non-conformists -- Who shall judge? -- The reason why voting is restricted -- The answer is to restrict the law -- The fatal idea of legal plunder -- Perverted law causes conflict -- Slavery and tariffs are plunder -- Two kinds of plunder -- The law defends plunder -- How to identify legal plunder -- Legal plunder has many names -- Socialism is legal plunder -- The choice is before us -- The proper function of the law -- The seductive lure of socialism -- Enforced fraternity destroys liberty -- Plunder violates ownership -- Three systems of plunder -- Law is force -- Law is a negative concept -- The political approach -- The law and charity -- The law and education -- The law and morals -- A confusion of terms -- The influence of socialist writers -- The socialists wish to play God -- The socialists despise mankind -- A defense of compulsory labor -- A defense of paternal government -- The idea of passive mankind -- Socialist ignore reason and facts -- Socialists want to regiment people -- A famous name and an evil idea -- A frightful idea -- The leader of the democrats -- Socialists want forced conformity -- Legislators desire to mold mankind -- Legislators told how to manage men -- A temporary dictatorship -- Socialists want equality of wealth -- The error of the socialist writers -- What is liberty? -- Philanthropic Tyranny -- The socialists want dictatorship -- Dictatorial arrogance -- The indirect approach to despotism -- Napoleon wanted passive mankind -- The vicious circle of socialism -- The doctrine of the democrats -- The socialist concept of liberty -- Socialists fear all liberty -- The superman idea -- The socialists reject free choice -- The cause of French revolutions -- The enormous power of government -- Politics and economics -- Proper legislative functions -- Law and charity are not the same -- The high road to communism -- The basis for stable government -- Justice means equal rights -- The path to dignity and progress -- Proof of an idea -- The desire to rule over others -- Let us now try liberty.

The well-known Book on Khilaf, a discipline that records and analyses the differences among Muslim Jurists. This Book is part of a series of Arabic Works, made available in English by the 'Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization.

Ibn Rushd's Bidayat al-Mujtahid (The Distinguished Jurist's Primer) occupies a unique place among the authoritative manuals of Islamic law. It is designed to prepare the jurist for the task of the mujtahid, the independent jurist, who derives the law and lays down precedents to be followed by the judge in the administration of justice. In this manual Ibn Rushd traces most of the issues of Islamic law, describing not only what the law is, but also elaborating the methodology of some of the greatest legal minds in Islam to show how such laws were derived.

This text provides a still-relevant basis for the interpretation and formulation of Islamic law. Combining his legal and philosophical knowledge, Ibn Rushd transcends the boundaries of different schools and presents a critical analysis of the opinions of the famous Muslim jurists and their methodologies.

The legal subject areas covered include marriage and divorce; sale and exchange of goods; wages, crop-sharing and speculative partnership; security for debts and insolvency; gifts, bequests and inheritance; and offences and judgements.

Complete and unabridged paperback edition.

Hobbes made many startling claims about justice. Norms of justice have no place outside the commonwealth, the civil law determines what is just and unjust, and nothing sovereigns do is unjust to their citizens. But what exactly did Hobbes mean by justice? And how did he convince his audience that he was speaking about justice when advancing such controversial views, and not about something else?

In Hobbes on Justice, Olsthoorn traces the place of justice in Hobbes's moral, legal, political, and international thought as developed over time. The book reconstructs his idiosyncratic glosses on notions like justice, rights, injury, obligation, and law; proposes new solutions to some long-standing interpretive puzzles; and provides in-depth discussions of property, slavery, treason, just war and other neglected aspects of Hobbes's thought. Olsthoorn shows that Hobbes's theory of justice doubled as a civil theodicy: it aimed to morally empower sovereign rulers by vindicating them from all stains of injustice, no matter how horrid their rule.

Combining analytic philosophy, intellectual history, and political theory, this major new study of Thomas Hobbes will be of wide and cross-disciplinary interest to scholars of philosophy, law, politics, and history.

Known as Hart's most famous work, The Concept of Law emerged from a set of lectures that Hart began to deliver in 1952 in which he developed a sophisticated view of legal positivism. Hart revolutionized the methods of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law in the English-speaking world by bringing the tools of analytic, and especially linguistic, philosophy to bear on the central problems of legal theory.

In this third edition, Leslie Green provides a new introduction that sets the book in the context of subsequent developments in social and political philosophy, clarifying misunderstandings of Hart's project and highlighting central tensions and problems in the work. The Concept of Law remains a must-read for anyone interested in the great thinkers of the 20th century.

A powerful argument for the essential role of morality in law, getting at the heart of key debates in public life.

What is law? And how does it relate to morality? It's common to think that law and morality are different ways of regulating our lives. But Scott Hershovitz says that this is a mistake: law is a part of our moral lives. It's a tool we use to adjust our moral relationships. The legal claims we advance in court, Hershovitz argues, are moral claims. And our legal conflicts are moral conflicts.

Law Is a Moral Practice supplies fresh answers to fundamental questions about the nature of law and helps us better appreciate why we disagree about law so deeply. Reviving a neglected tradition of legal thought most famously associated with Ronald Dworkin, Hershovitz engages with important legal and political controversies of our time, including recent debates about constitutional interpretation and the obligations of citizens and officials to obey the law.

Leavened by entertaining personal stories, guided by curiosity rather than ideology, moving beyond entrenched dichotomies like the opposition between positivism and natural law, Law Is a Moral Practice is a thought-provoking investigation of the philosophical issues behind real-world legal debates.

Some judges, such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, believe courts should look to the language of the statute and virtually nothing else. Chief Judge Robert A. Katzmann of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit respectfully disagrees. In Judging Statutes, Katzmann, who is a trained political scientist as well as a judge, argues that our constitutional system charges Congress with enacting laws; therefore, how Congress makes its purposes known through both the laws themselves and reliable accompanying materials should be respected. He looks at how the American government works, including how laws come to be and how various agencies construe legislation. He then explains the judicial process of interpreting and applying these laws through the demonstration of two interpretative approaches, purposivism (focusing on the purpose of a law) and textualism (focusing solely on the text of the written law). Katzmann draws from his experience to show how this process plays out in the real world, and concludes with some suggestions to promote understanding between the courts and Congress.

When courts interpret the laws of Congress, they should be mindful of how Congress actually functions, how lawmakers signal the meaning of statutes, and what those legislators expect of courts construing their laws. The legislative record behind a law is in truth part of its foundation, and therefore merits consideration.

In an age increasingly defined by accusation and resentment, Martha Minow makes an eloquent, deeply-researched argument in favor of strengthening the role of forgiveness in the administration of law. Through three case studies, Minow addresses such foundational issues as: Who has the right to forgive? Who should be forgiven? And under what terms?

The result is as lucid as it is compassionate: A compelling study of the mechanisms of justice by one of this country's foremost legal experts.

Discover Bastiat's brilliant insights in 'Essays on Political Economy. A seminal work that remains as relevant today as it was in Bastiat's time.