The impact of cultural factors on perceptions of and attitudes toward privacy is often neglected in privacy studies. Yet, understanding these factors is crucial in our globalized world, where businesses, governments and researchers rely on data from different cultures. This book makes a contribution to closing this gap. It presents and discusses findings from a large, comparative cross-cultural study on professionals' views of key data protection and information privacy issues, such as data autonomy, the data power of companies and governments, and the impact of data protection and information privacy regulations on companies, consumers, and the state. The book facilitates a better understanding of attitudes toward data protection and privacy across cultures by highlighting areas in which professionals around the world are (dis-)satisfied with data protection regulations and practices, and showing how culture-specific factors can help to explain differences in this area.

In recent years, the longstanding debate between shareholder-oriented and stakeholder-oriented models of corporate governance for large listed, or public corporations, has experienced a resurgence. Simultaneously, a wave of new regulations has reshaped the legal landscape, compelling businesses to integrate public objectives - such as environmental protection or the social interests of specific stakeholder groups - into their decision-making processes, which were traditionally driven solely by profitability considerations. Against this background, the book brings together economic, comparative, historical, and doctrinal perspectives of scholars from US and European legal academia.

The ongoing discourse regarding the fundamental role of public corporations in economies and society is vivid and rather different, across Europe, and the US. Filling a gap in comparative literature on these themes, this volume further explores commonalities across these varying legal landscapes, while remaining cognizant of distinct, cultural, legal, and economic contexts. Most strikingly, the contributions here point to the European emphasis on stakeholder-oriented regulation, in contrast to the US-American focus on shareholder value.

Providing a comprehensive analysis of recent legal developments in this space, this volume serves as an essential theoretical guide to debates around corporate purpose, CSR, and ESG today.

Band 8/1 umfasst mit der Kommentierung der 343-362 HGB den ersten Teil der Allgemeinen Vorschriften zu den Handelsgeschäften.

The Covid-19 pandemic, the significant expansion of the Chinese investment abroad, and recent geo-political tensions have all served to strengthen national security considerations in merger control and foreign direct investment (FDI) processes. Against this backdrop, Merger Control, National Security, and Foreign Direct Investment Screening: A Comparative Perspective provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between national security, foreign direct investment, and competition policy in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

Central to the book's analysis is the exploration of FDI screening mechanisms from a national security perspective as they apply to Merger and Acquisition (M&A) transactions. Spanning a wide array of jurisdictions, industries, and policy contexts, including case studies from major economies such as the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and China, the book examines how lawmakers navigate protecting their strategic sectors while promoting a welcoming environment for investors. It also showcases how competition authorities grapple with incorporating broader societal goals and national security concerns into merger control assessments.

Merger Control, National Security, and Foreign Direct Investment Screening scrutinizes the challenges of balancing these objectives while maintaining the integrity of competition law principles and avoiding undue political influence. It offers a thought-provoking and timely guide for policymakers, practitioners, scholars, and stakeholders seeking to navigate the intricacies of global economic interdependence without dismissing national interests.

This book focuses on contemporary problems related to fraud and risk in commercial law.

It has been said by some that we are in a 'golden age of fraud'. In part this has been caused by globalisation, technological changes and the financialisation of business. This has resulted in the creation of automated linkages with integrated supply chains and the creation of systemic risks, which have been exacerbated by new forms of intangible assets like tokens and their ease of movement. While regulation has ebbed and flowed given the desire of governments to generate economic growth, as well as the distrust of their coercive powers, the courts have sought to strike a balance between considerations such as commercial certainty and fairness.

The book provides an analysis of key contemporary issues on the theme of fraud and risk in commercial law, including: technology and fraud, secondary liability and 'failure to prevent' economic crime, abuse of business entities, insolvency and creditor protection, injunctions and other orders, cross-border issues, the relationship between regulation and private law, and solutions for policy makers.

Avizandum Statutes are designed specifically to provide undergraduates at Scottish universities with legislation and, where appropriate, other core materials in a readily accessible format. All materials have been selected on the basis of their relevance to university courses and appear in updated form. The lack of annotation and commentary means that the volumes are ideal for use in examinations.

This edition includes the Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023 and recent amendments to other commercial and consumer legislation.

This book critically examines the constitutional position and contribution of the Bangladesh Parliament during the fifty years of its existence. Examining the institution through a Westminster lens, the book unearths how and why it behaves in an (un)Westminster, rather say the Eastminster, way. This book is the first of its kind attempting a separation of powers and checks and balances inspired analysis of the Parliament vis-à-vis Bangladesh's government, judiciary, and the people. It explains how its internal democracy deficit arising from the country's undemocratic political partises deny the Bangladesh Parliament, its rightful place within the country's constitutional design.

'Corruption' in public procurement typically involves procurement decisions taken in favour of preferred bidders in exchange for improper compensation (the acceptance of bribes, for example), while supplier collusion refers to a type of cartel activity, in which firms rig their bids in a tendering process. Although these practices are distinct, they frequently occur together in the public procurement context, reinforcing one another. Combatting Corruption and Collusion in Public Procurement: A Challenge for Governments Worldwide examines the causes of corruption and collusion in the public procurement sphere, its resulting harm, and how states can best try to combat these practices.

This book provides a legal, economic, and practical analysis of issues concerning corruption and supplier collusion in public procurement, both generally and in seven diverse and representative jurisdictions: the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, Hungary and Poland, Ukraine, and Canada. It encompasses a discussion of both 'generic' cross-jurisdictional issues and specific proposals for individual jurisdictions. It offers practical guidance on building robust regimes for combatting corruption and collusion in public procurement and how to bolster and improve them when they are faltering. The book stresses the need for a multi-faceted and joined-up approach to the problems, emphasizing the importance both of enhanced investment in the effective enforcement of anti-corruption and cartel laws and of increasing the resilience of public procurement systems to corruption and collusion through a range of measures. The relevance of the topic to the social and economic well-being of citizens and the survival of democratic governance is highlighted throughout the book.

Pioneering and comprehensive, Combatting Corruption and Collusion in Public Procurement provides a pathbreaking analysis of a range of global issues, making it an essential read for scholars, lawyers, government officials and representatives of international and non-governmental organizations around the world.

In this comprehensive legal text, Giles Jacob lays out all the laws and statutes relevant to commerce. This book serves as an invaluable resource to merchants and businessmen, offering vital information on everything from bankruptcy to shipping contracts.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.

This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.

Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This edited volume explores the EU legal framework governing digital productions. Looking specifically at smart products it sets out the impact of the Product Liability Directive. It goes on to discuss the Update Obligation relating to smart products and the wider consumer law issues at play.

With expertise from leading academics and practitioners, this book brings welcome clarification to and expert explanation of a fast-moving field of consumer law.

Breaking Away sounds a warning call alerting readers that their privacy and autonomy concerns are indeed warranted, and the remedies deserve far greater attention than they have received from our leading policymakers and experts to date. Through the various prisms of economic theory, market data, policy, and law, the book offers a clear and accessible insight into how a few powerful firms - Google, Apple, Facebook (Meta), and Amazon - have used the same anticompetitive playbook and manipulated the current legal regime for their gain at our collective expense.

While much has been written about these four companies' power, far less has been said about addressing their risks. In looking at the proposals to date, however, policymakers and scholars have not fully addressed three fundamental issues: First, will more competition necessarily promote our privacy and well-being? Second, who owns the personal data, and is that even the right question? Third, what are the policy implications if personal data is non-rivalrous?

Breaking Away not only articulates the limitations of the current enforcement and regulatory approach but offers concrete proposals to promote competition, without having to sacrifice our privacy. This book explores how these platforms accumulated their power, why the risks they pose are far greater than previously believed, and why the tools need to be far more robust than what is being proposed.

Policymakers, scholars, and business owners, managers, and entrepreneurs seeking to compete and innovate in the digital platform economy will find the book an invaluable source of information.

In this comprehensive legal text, Giles Jacob lays out all the laws and statutes relevant to commerce. This book serves as an invaluable resource to merchants and businessmen, offering vital information on everything from bankruptcy to shipping contracts.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.

This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.

Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

European legal systems have developed a broad range of instruments aimed at limiting liability. These instruments are systematically examined within the present volume, which builds on the experience gathered in the various jurisdictions over the past decades and thereby fills a major gap in tort law literature. The publication contains a selection of the most important cases from 27 states across Europe as well as decisions by European Union courts; it also highlights cases from earlier periods of legal history. For each case, the facts and the relevant court decision are presented and accompanied by an analytical commentary. In addition, comparative analyses of the reported cases are provided and a special report is dedicated to how key cases would be resolved under model European rules on tort law. The editors believe that the material gathered here may provide guidance for an organic convergence of the national legal systems in Europe. It constitutes the basis of an acquis commun that is infinitely richer (though also much more complex) than the rather bland and abstract concepts contained in national codifications, European legislation and modern model rules.

CLASSIC STUDY OF AMERICAN LABOR ECONOMICS This book outlines an evolutionary and behavioral theory of value based on data drawn from court decisions. Analyzing the meaning of reasonable value as defined by the courts, Commons finds that the answer is based on a notion of reasonable conduct. Expanding this point to encompass the habits and customs of social life, he shows that court decisions are based on customs that are powerful forces shaping the economic system. John R. Commons has contributed in one way or another to practically every piece of social and labor legislation that has been enacted in the 20th century. --JACK BARBASH, Monthly Labor Review, May 1989, Vol. 112, No. 5 An] . . . analysis further along his chosen line than any of his predecessors. Into our knowledge of capitalism he has incorporated a great body of new materials which no one else has used adequately.-- WESLEY MITCHELL, American Economic Review, XIV (1924) 253 John R. Commons 1862-1945] was a Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin. He was the author and editor of numerous works, and established his reputation with his editorial contributions to A Documentary History of American Industrial Society (1910-1911). He was the author of The Distribution of Wealth (1893), Institutional Economics (1934) and co-author of the History of Labor in the United States (1918-1935). Commons drafted much of the nationally influential labor legislation for the state of Wisconsin that gave unions legal privileges, offered compulsory unemployment insurance to workers and established the first system of workers' compensation in the United States. Due to these path-breaking reforms, he is considered to be the spiritual father of the Social Security Act.

All of the worlds legal systems focus on the sanctity of contracts, and on damages as the remedy for breach of contract. Yet parties to international contracts often adhere to differing legal theories and fundamental notions that can lead to misunderstandings misunderstandings that can wreak havoc with large-scale construction and civil engineering projects. In this unique guide to the suite of contracts published by FIDIC (The International Federation of Consulting Engineers) the contract forms most widely used for international construction undertakings twenty-two outstanding authorities in construction law from a wide variety of countries describe relevant likely pitfalls (and special opportunities) for foreign lawyers in each of their jurisdictions. The countries covered are Brazil, Egypt, England, France, Germany, India, Japan, Malaysia, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, and the United States. The books great usefulness, however, is not limited to these countries; as the editor points out in his introduction, legal systems are so widely shared among groups of countries that reasonable extrapolation is available here to virtually any construction site on earth. The treatment covers such topics as: allocation of risk; the FIDIC flow chart for settling disputes; post-completion responsibility of the parties; disputes relating to non-contractual claims; allegations of fraud or gross negligence; dealing with bribery and extortion; delay and disruption; proving entitlement to extension of time; right to deduct liquidated damages; changed conditions; rights of subcontractors and suppliers; and unforeseeability.

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to how the legal dimension of prevention against harm and loss allocation is treated in Quebec. This traditional branch of law not only tackles questions which concern every lawyer, whatever his legal expertise, but also concerns each person's most fundamental rights on a worldwide scale.

Following a general introduction that probes the distinction between tort and crime and the relationship between tort and contract, the monograph describes how the concepts of fault and unlawfulness, and of duty of care and negligence, are dealt with in both the legislature and the courts. The book then proceeds to cover specific cases of liability, such as professional liability, liability of public bodies, abuse of rights, injury to reputation and privacy, vicarious liability, liability of parents and teachers, liability for handicapped persons, product liability, environmental liability, and liability connected with road and traffic accidents. Principles of causation, grounds of justification, limitations on recovery, assessment of damages and compensation, and the role of private insurance and social security are all closely considered.

Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for lawyers in Quebec. Academics and researchers will also welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value not only as a contribution to comparative law but also as a stimulus to harmonization of the rules on tort.

From the heart of a bold and brilliant thought-leader comes this compelling memoir and call-to-action, which fills a gaping hole in criminal justice reform literature in a way that only Bianca M. Forde can. Uniquely qualified, following a racially motivated arrest that paradoxically labeled her as both prosecuted and prosecutor, Forde provides an authentic analysis of how prosecutors can truly fulfill their mandate as servants of the law. She tackles the taboo topics that prosecutors are best positioned, but often lack courage, to discuss-from inequities in charging decisions and blind spots affecting Brady disclosures; to dispassionate requests for detention, and detached sentencing recommendations. She candidly shares her evolution as a prosecutor in hopes of accelerating the maturity of rookie prosecutors, inspiring a new way of thinking among veteran prosecutors, and educating community members on why their local vote matters. If mass incarceration is the disease, Forde is firmly convinced that justice-minded, transformational prosecution is, in large part, the cure. This book elevates the conversation on prosecutorial power to a new height, and provides practical guidance that promises to disrupt the status quo.

Title 17 presents regulations governing commodities and securities exchanges. It includes the rules of Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Department of the Treasury.

Title 17 presents regulations governing commodities and securities exchanges. It includes the rules of Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Department of the Treasury.

This essential collection of essays delves into the European Union's Internal Market, offering a thorough analysis inspired by the Council of the European Union's pivotal 2024 conclusions. The book outlines a strategic roadmap for the market's future development, making it a critical resource for academic libraries.

In three parts, the volume examines (I) Citizens' Rights, highlighting the impact of EU regulations on individuals, (II) the challenges and opportunities posed by digital rights and Artificial Intelligence, crucial for the market's progression over the next decade, and (III) substantive rights, providing insights into legislative and policy measures vital for the market's evolution.

Ideal for researchers, policymakers, and students, this book is an invaluable resource for understanding and influencing the future of the EU's economic landscape.