Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Reprint of 1961 Second Edition) by Norbert Wiener is a seminal work that had long-ranging implications for the fields of computers, automation, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and communications.
Author Norbert Wiener (b. 1894, d. 1964) was a mathematician and philosopher, as well as a long-term professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener graduated from high school at just 11 years old, and completed his BA in mathematics from Tufts University at the age of 14. By age 19, he had received his Ph.D from Harvard for a dissertation on mathematical logic.
While he was later a pacifist, Wiener contributed to the war efforts in both world wars, working on ballistics during World War I and anti-aircraft guns during World War II. By the late 1940s, he had grown concerned with the militarization of science, and stopped contributing to any military projects or taking government funding.
Wiener taught philosophy at Harvard during his early career, but was unable to secure a permanent teaching position-a fact he attributed to anti-Semitism, as the son of Jewish immigrants. After World War I, he was hired at MIT, where he would teach for the rest of his career.
In addition to teaching, Wiener conducted research in cognitive science and developed theories in cybernetics, computing, and automation. He also wrote many books and articles on these topics, as well as two autobiographical works.
Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is one of Wiener's best-known works. Cybernetics refers to the science of control systems and communications in both machines and living beings. This book demonstrates the first public use of the term and describes the way self-regulating mechanisms (including the human brain) function through the receipt, processing, and use of external feedback.
This interdisciplinary work is the result of years of discussions with medical scientists, physicians, mathematicians, and physicists, giving it a wide range of influences both on the book's concepts and on the fields that it impacted. The book has been foundational for research into computing, electronic engineering, automation, telecommunications, and neuroscience.
At the core of cybernetics are feedback loops, the inflow of information and subsequent response. Both philosophical and technical, the book presents noise as the ultimate force that prevents equilibrium. And for the human being, mass media is the greatest source of that noise. Prescient, for a book written decades before personal computers, the internet, and smartphones.
A surprise bestseller, Cybernetics was read far beyond its intended technical audience. The book's popularity led Wiener to write a follow-up work further exploring the social and psychological implications of cybernetics called The Human Use of Human Beings.
Cybernetics also inspired a whole field of later writing, including the well-known self-development book Psycho-Cybernetics by Maxwell Maltz. This book draws heavily on Wiener's earlier work, and has been cited by self-help experts including Zig Ziglar and Tony Robbins as being a major influence on their techniques.
2021 Hardcover Reprint of 1961 Second Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Acclaimed one of the seminal books... comparable in ultimate importance to... Galileo or Malthus or Rousseau or Mill, Cybernetics was judged by twenty-seven historians, economists, educators, and philosophers to be one of those books published during the past four decades, which may have a substantial impact on public thought and action in the years ahead. -- Saturday Review. Cybernetics was defined in the mid 20th century by Norbert Wiener as the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine. Fields of study which have influenced or been influenced by cybernetics include game theory, system theory (a mathematical counterpart to cybernetics), perceptual control theory, sociology, psychology (especially neuropsychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology), philosophy, architecture, and organizational theory. Contents: Part one: original edition - Newtonian and Bergsonian time - Groups and statistical mechanics - Time series, information, and communication - Feedback and oscillation - Computing machines and nervous system - Gestalt and universals - Cybernetics and psychopathology - Information, language, and society - Part two: supplement chapters - On learning and self - reproducing machines - Brain waves and self - organizing systems.
Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Reprint of 1961 Second Edition) by Norbert Wiener is a seminal work that had long-ranging implications for the fields of computers, automation, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and communications.
Author Norbert Wiener (b. 1894, d. 1964) was a mathematician and philosopher, as well as a long-term professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener graduated from high school at just 11 years old, and completed his BA in mathematics from Tufts University at the age of 14. By age 19, he had received his Ph.D from Harvard for a dissertation on mathematical logic.
While he was later a pacifist, Wiener contributed to the war efforts in both world wars, working on ballistics during World War I and anti-aircraft guns during World War II. By the late 1940s, he had grown concerned with the militarization of science, and stopped contributing to any military projects or taking government funding.
Wiener taught philosophy at Harvard during his early career, but was unable to secure a permanent teaching position-a fact he attributed to anti-Semitism, as the son of Jewish immigrants. After World War I, he was hired at MIT, where he would teach for the rest of his career.
In addition to teaching, Wiener conducted research in cognitive science and developed theories in cybernetics, computing, and automation. He also wrote many books and articles on these topics, as well as two autobiographical works.
Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is one of Wiener's best-known works. Cybernetics refers to the science of control systems and communications in both machines and living beings. This book demonstrates the first public use of the term and describes the way self-regulating mechanisms (including the human brain) function through the receipt, processing, and use of external feedback.
This interdisciplinary work is the result of years of discussions with medical scientists, physicians, mathematicians, and physicists, giving it a wide range of influences both on the book's concepts and on the fields that it impacted. The book has been foundational for research into computing, electronic engineering, automation, telecommunications, and neuroscience.
At the core of cybernetics are feedback loops, the inflow of information and subsequent response. Both philosophical and technical, the book presents noise as the ultimate force that prevents equilibrium. And for the human being, mass media is the greatest source of that noise. Prescient, for a book written decades before personal computers, the internet, and smartphones.
A surprise bestseller, Cybernetics was read far beyond its intended technical audience. The book's popularity led Wiener to write a follow-up work further exploring the social and psychological implications of cybernetics called The Human Use of Human Beings.
Cybernetics also inspired a whole field of later writing, including the well-known self-development book Psycho-Cybernetics by Maxwell Maltz. This book draws heavily on Wiener's earlier work, and has been cited by self-help experts including Zig Ziglar and Tony Robbins as being a major influence on their techniques.
A second point concerns machines which have the capacity to reproduce themselves. It is our commonly held belief that God made man in his own image. The propagation of the race may also be interpreted as a function in which one living being makes another in its own image. But the author demonstrates that man has made machines which are very well able to make other machines in their own image, and these machine images are not merely pictorial representations but operative images. Can we then say: God is to Golem as man is to Machines? in Jewish legend, golem is an embryo Adam, shapeless and not fully created, hence a monster, an automation.The third point considered is that of the relation between man and machine. The concern here is ethical. render unto man the things which are man's and unto the computer the things which are the computer's, warns the author. In this section of the book, Dr. Wiener considers systems involving elements of man and machine. The book is written for the intellectually alert public and does not involve any highly technical knowledge. It is based on lectures given at Yale, at the Société Philosophique de Royaumont, and elsewhere.
CYBERNETICS, in its authoritative and final Second Edition, and available in a modern and highly legible presentation - not a facsimile edition (photocopy) of the printing as are cheap recreations. Instead, the Quid Pro Books edition allows the reader to experience the best version of the work in a contemporary but affordable printing, not just as a facsimile or reprint. [NOTE: Only the Quid Pro edition offers these features, even if this description erroneously appears under other press's versions or older, used copies of the work.] A quality, affordable ebook version of this classic work is also available from Quid Pro Books.
CYBERNETICS is on virtually everyone's short list of the most important and influential nonfiction books of the last century. First published by MIT mathematics professor Norbert Wiener in 1948, and later in its Second Edition in 1961, this groundbreaking account of systems, thought processes, AI, and the use of feedback foreshadowed intelligent and replicating machines, complex organizational organisms, and the physiology and failure of the human nervous system. Its 1961 Second Edition is the same version republished in many printed paperback editions since (such as the 1965 printing by MIT Press), and represents the culmination of the author's work on this project.
No small wonder this has been widely read by scientists and lay readers alike, to understand the origins and future of computers, wider communication pathways, the use of feedback to refine actions and thought processes, and the logic and math behind non-linear systems. Educated readers know the term cybernetics; this book coined the term and created an entire field of interdisciplinary study that resonates today, and led to the cyber-everything that we know.
Norbert Wiener, known as the Father of Cybernetics, has influenced such fields of study as game theory, system theory, sociology, psychology and neuroscience, modern philosophy, organizational theory, and even architecture.
With the influential book Cybernetics, first published in 1948, Norbert Wiener laid the theoretical foundations for the multidisciplinary field of cybernetics, the study of controlling the flow of information in systems with feedback loops, be they biological, mechanical, cognitive, or social. At the core of Wiener's theory is the message (information), sent and responded to (feedback); the functionality of a machine, organism, or society depends on the quality of messages. Information corrupted by noise prevents homeostasis, or equilibrium. And yet Cybernetics is as philosophical as it is technical, with the first chapter devoted to Newtonian and Bergsonian time and the philosophical mixed with the technical throughout. This book brings the 1961 second edition back into print, with new forewords by Doug Hill and Sanjoy Mitter.
Contemporary readers of Cybernetics will marvel at Wiener's prescience--his warnings against noise, his disdain for hucksters and gadget worshipers, and his view of the mass media as the single greatest anti-homeostatic force in society. This edition of Cybernetics gives a new generation access to a classic text.
For the 75th anniversary, a new edition of The Human Use of Human Beings--the landmark book that delves into the relationship between humans and computers, and presciently anticipates many contemporary dilemmas surrounding AI technology. With a new introduction by Brian Christian, author of the bestselling Algorithms to Live By.
In 1950, mathematician-philosopher Norbert Wiener ended this classic book on the place of machines in society with a warning: We shall never receive the right answers to our questions unless we ask the right questions.... The hour is very late, and the choice of good and evil knocks at our door.
Wiener, the founder of the science of cybernetics--the study of the relationship between computers and the human nervous system--was widely mislabeled as an advocate for the automation of human life. As The Human Use for Human Beings reveals, his vision was much more complex and interesting, and is more relevant in today's world of AI than anyone could have anticipated.
In his new introduction, Brian Christian aptly calls Wiener the progenitor of contemporary AI-safety discourse. Wiener hoped that machines would release people from relentless and repetitive drudgery to achieve more creative pursuits, yet he anticipated the danger of dehumanizing and displacement. His pioneering views on the human-machine relationship as a communicative process are only more crucial now, as we carry in our pockets AI devices that we can literally speak to. His prescient warnings illuminate our contemporary relationships with language, art, and even social media.
The Human Use of Human Beings examines the implications of cybernetics for education, law, language, science, technology, as Wiener anticipates the enormous impact--in effect, a third industrial revolution--that the computer has had on our lives.
Some predict that Norbert Wiener will be remembered for his Extrapolation long after Cybernetics is forgotten. Indeed, few computer science students would know today what cybernetics is all about, while every communication student knows what Wiener's filter is. The original work was circulated as a classified memorandum in 1942, because it was connected with sensitive wartime efforts to improve radar communication. This book became the basis for modern communication theory, by a scientist considered one of the founders of the field of artifical intelligence. Combining ideas from statistics and time-series analysis, Wiener used Gauss's method of shaping the characteristic of a detector to allow for the maximal recognition of signals in the presence of noise. This method came to be known as the Wiener filter.