This work-written in 1908 as a militant, occasionally virulent, polemic against certain Bolsheviks who had strayed from dialectical materialism into the jungle of Machism and associated idealist philosophies-serves today as an invaluable example of Lenin's approach to philosophy and as a general exposition of dialectical materialism.
Lenin's breadth of knowledge shines in this text: he discusses the Marxist theory of knowledge, critiques the idealists, from Berkeley to the then current schools, and examines the contemporary crisis in natural science induced by new discoveries about the nature of matter and its concomitant ramifications for scientific study and questions of epistemology.
With a new foreword by Helena Sheehan, the reprint of this classic text aims to return Materialism and Empirio-Criticism to the attention of the growing number of students of Marxism in the United States, and to provide material for the study of the interrelationship between Marxist politics and philosophy.
Democracy for an insignificant minority, democracy for the rich -- that is the democracy of capitalist society.
The question of the state is not something that normally occupies the attention of most workers. This is no accident. The state would be of no use for the ruling class if people did not believe that it was something harmless, impartial and above the interests of classes or individuals. However, Marxism teaches us that the state is an instrument for the oppression of the exploited classes by the ruling class. The state cannot be neutral.
Written in the summer of 1917, in the heat of the Russian Revolution, Lenin's State and Revolution is a key work of Marxism. Here, Lenin explains that, stripped of all non-essentials, the state is in the final analysis groups of armed men the army and the police, in defence of the ruling class.
Today, after years of attacks, we see the working class and youth attempting to shake off capitalist oppression in all corners of the world, thus inevitably colliding with the state. However, as Lenin said, without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary movement. To establish socialism, the only solution to the problems faced by the world today, it will not be possible for the working class to use the state as it currently exists, but it needs to overthrow it.
An understanding of the nature of the state is a necessary weapon in the hands of the working class. Lenin's State and Revolution, one of the most important works of the twentieth century, surveys the analysis of the state by Marx and Engels in the light of the experience of the Russian Revolution, to provide the definitive Marxist explanation on the question. All class-conscious workers should therefore read this book.
Essential reading for generations of revolutionaries, State & Revolution is made newly accessible in this fully annotated edition
This essay, written by Lenin at the time of the First World War was intended to serve as an analytical discussion of the role of the state as the instrument of the ruling class and the need of the working class to create a new one.
In this classic text, Lenin brilliantly explains the fundamental principles of the materialist philosophy of Marxism. He defends them against idealist attacks from the subjective idealism of Machism, a philosophical trend, which at Lenin's time was becoming very fashionable, even within the workers movement.
Step by step, layer by layer, quoting at length from the many trendy philosophical and scientific publications of the day, the book exposes idealism in all its guises. The aim was very simple: to bring out in the open the real difference between Marxist dialectical materialism and subjective idealism, which in the last instance always leads to some form of religious world outlook.
Analysing the different shades and expressions of Machism internationally, Lenin stressed that in every philosophical question raised by the new physics, we trace] the struggle between materialism and idealism. And he showed that: Behind the mass of new terminological devices, behind the litter of erudite scholasticism, we invariably discerned two principal alignments, two fundamental trends in the solution of philosophical problems. Whether nature, matter, the physical, the external world should be taken as primary, and consciousness, mind, sensation (experience - as the widespread terminology of our time has it), the psychical, etc., should be regarded as secondary - that is the root question which in fact continues to divide the philosophers into two great camps.
This collection of texts by V.I. Lenin was originally compiled by the Communist Working Circle, a Danish anti-imperialist group. In the late 1960s, the CWC developed the so-called parasite state theory linking the imperialist exploitation and oppression of the proletariat in the Global South with the establishment of states in the Global North in which the working class lives in relative prosperity. In connection with studies of this division of the world, CWC published these texts by Lenin with the title On Imperialism and Opportunism.What is the relevance of these texts today? Firstly, the connection that Lenin posits between imperialism and opportunism-that is, the sacrifice of long-term socialist goals for short-term or sectional gains-is more pronounced than ever. Second, imperialism may, in many respects, have changed its economic mechanisms and its political form, but its content is fundamentally the same, namely, a transfer of value from the Global South to the Global North, with the political outcome being that the working class is divided into a highly-exploited proletariat in the South and a working class in the North which lives in relative prosperity. Lenin referred to this better-off section of the working class as a labor aristocracy.
With an introduction by former CWC member Torkil Lauesen.