The story of Abraham, the first Jew, portrayed as two lives lived by one person, paralleling the contradictions in Judaism throughout its history

In this new biography of Abraham, Judaism's foundational figure, Anthony Julius offers an account of the origins of a fundamental struggle within Judaism between skepticism and faith, critique and affirmation, thinking for oneself and thinking under the direction of another. Julius describes Abraham's life as two separate lives, and as a version of the collective life of the Jewish people.

Abraham's first life is an early adulthood of questioning the polytheism of his home city of Ur Kasdim until its ruler, Nimrod, condemns him to death and he is rescued, he believes, by a miracle. In his second life, Abraham's focus is no longer on critique but rather on conversion and on his leadership over his growing household, until God's command that he sacrifice his son Isaac. This test, the Akedah (or Binding), ends with another miracle, as he believes, but as Julius argues, it is also a catastrophe for Abraham. The Akedah represents for him an unsurpassed horizon--and in Jewish life thereafter. This book focuses on Abraham as leader of the first Jewish project, Judaism, and the unresolvable, insurmountable crisis that the Akedah represents--both in his leadership and in Judaism itself.

In a book that Harold Bloom, in The New York Times Book Review, called a strong, somber book on an appalling subject, Anthony Julius offers a wide-ranging and insightful history of anti-Semitism in England, the first such study of its kind. Julius focuses on four distinct versions of English anti-Semitism. He first describes the anti-Semitism of medieval England, a radical prejudice of defamation, expropriation, and murder, which culminated in 1290, the year Edward I expelled the Jews from England. The second strand is literary anti-Semitism, from the anonymous medieval ballad Sir Hugh, or the Jew's Daughter, through Chaucer's The Prioress's Tale and Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, to T. S. Eliot and beyond. The third is modern anti-Semitism, the commonplace anti-Semitism of insult and exclusion, running from the mid-17th century through to the late 20th century. The final chapters then deal with contemporary anti-Semitism, emerging in the late 1960s and the 1970s, which treats Zionism and the State of Israel as illegitimate Jewish enterprises.

Bentham and the Arts considers the sceptical challenge presented by Jeremy Bentham's hedonistic utilitarianism to the existence of the aesthetic. Leading scholars from a variety of disciplines reflect on the implications of Bentham's radical utilitarian approach for our understanding of the history and contemporary nature of art, literature, and aesthetics more generally.

Bentham and the Arts considers the sceptical challenge presented by Jeremy Bentham's hedonistic utilitarianism to the existence of the aesthetic. Leading scholars from a variety of disciplines reflect on the implications of Bentham's radical utilitarian approach for our understanding of the history and contemporary nature of art, literature, and aesthetics more generally.