Hegel wrote this classic as an introduction to a series of lectures on the philosophy of history -- a novel concept in the early nineteenth century. With this work, he created the history of philosophy as a scientific study. He reveals philosophical theory as neither an accident nor an artificial construct, but as an exemplar of its age, fashioned by its antecedents and contemporary circumstances, and serving as a model for the future. The author himself appears to have regarded this book as a popular introduction to his philosophy as a whole, and it remains the most readable and accessible of all his philosophical writings.
Eschewing the methods of original history (written during the period in question) and reflective history (written after the period has passed), Hegel embraces philosophic history, which employs a priori philosophical thought to interpret history as a rational process. Reason rules history, he asserts, through its infinite freedom (being self-sufficient, it depends on nothing beyond its own laws and conclusions) and power (through which it forms its own laws). Hegel argues that all of history is caused and guided by a rational process, and God's seemingly unknowable plan is rendered intelligible through philosophy. The notion that reason rules the world, he concludes, is both necessary to the practice of philosophic history and a conclusion drawn from that practice.

Science of Logic, first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined his vision of logic. Hegel's logic is a system of dialectics, i.e., a dialectical metaphysics: It is a development of the principle that thought and being constitute a single and active unity. Science of Logic also incorporates the traditional Aristotelian syllogism: It is conceived as a phase of the original unity of thought and being rather than as a detached, formal instrument of inference. For Hegel, the most important achievement of German idealism, starting with Immanuel Kant and culminating in his own philosophy, was the argument that reality (being) is shaped through and through by thought and is, in a strong sense, identical to thought. Thus ultimately the structures of thought and being, subject and object, are identical. Since for Hegel the underlying structure of all of reality is ultimately rational, logic is not merely about reasoning or argument but rather is also the rational, structural core of all of reality and every dimension of it. Thus Hegel's Science of Logic includes among other things analyses of being, nothingness, becoming, existence, reality, essence, reflection, concept, and method. As developed, it included the fullest description of his dialectic. Hegel considered it one of his major works and therefore kept it up to date through revision. Science of Logic is sometimes referred to as the Greater Logic to distinguish it from the Lesser Logic, the moniker given to the condensed version Hegel presented as the Logic section of his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences.

This is the first complete translation in over 150 years of what many consider to be Hegel's most accessible work. The Lectures on the Philosophy of History are a tour-de-force, an audacious attempt to summarize world history and the purpose behind it. Was Hegel the progenitor of the power-state that unified Germany became? The Lectures, the mature fruit of Hegel's thought, provide many relevant clues. Hegel saw the growth of freedom as the purpose behind history, but he also argued that such freedom could not take root and flourish apart from a state able to impose and enforce the rule of law.

Hegel's major works; dialectic; metaphysics; science; experience; philosophic truth; Absolute Spirit.

Most of the major schools of contemporary philosophy, from Marxism to Existentialism, are reactions to Hegelianism and all, if they are to be understood, require some understanding of Hegel's Logic. From its first appearance in 1812, this work has been recognized by both admirers and detractors alike as being the absolute foundation of Hegel's system.

The only anthology of Hegel's religious thought, this volume offers sympathetic and clear entre to Hegel's religious achievement through his major relevant texts. Starting with early theological writings, the Selected Texts move on through the Phenomenology of Spirit and Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, and culminate with Hegel's 1822 essay on faith and reason and his 1824 lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. Several selections are newly translated.

Hodgson's marvelously clear Introduction, with helpful commentary and annotations, lucidly unfolds the evolution of Hegel's religious thought, the emergence of its central themes, and the religious genius epitomized in his notion of Absolute Spirit.

Anticipating as it does the modern world's drive to think historically, dialectically, and wholistically, Hodgson shows that Hegel's thought might well tutor the next century as much as it did the last.

This is the first complete translation in over 150 years of what many consider to be Hegel's most accessible work. The Lectures on the Philosophy of History are a tour-de-force, an audacious attempt to summarize world history and the purpose behind it. Was Hegel the progenitor of the power-state that unified Germany became? The Lectures, the mature fruit of Hegel's thought, provide many relevant clues. Hegel saw the growth of freedom as the purpose behind history, but he also argued that such freedom could not take root and flourish apart from a state able to impose and enforce the rule of law.

Hegel's Lectures On The History Of Philosophy (Complete): Complete Edition Of Three Volumes Translated From The German By E. S. Haldane And Frances H. Simson, M.A. This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING

Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of Nature is a comprehensive work by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This book is a part of his larger philosophical system, which includes his works on logic, ethics, and history. In this book, Hegel explores the nature of the physical world and its relationship to the human mind.Hegel's philosophy of nature is grounded in his belief that the universe is a rational system, and that the laws of nature can be understood through reason. He argues that the natural world is not simply a collection of random events, but rather a system that is governed by universal laws.Throughout the book, Hegel examines various aspects of the natural world, including matter, motion, space, time, and causation. He also explores the relationship between the natural world and the human mind, arguing that the mind is not separate from nature, but rather a part of it.The Philosophy of Nature is a complex and challenging work, but it is also an important contribution to the field of philosophy. It has influenced many subsequent philosophers and has played a significant role in shaping modern philosophical thought.It may be noted in passing that it was an extraordinary notion of Kant's to claim that the definition of the straight line as the shortest distance between two points is a synthetic proposition, for my concept of straightness contains nothing of size, but only a quality. In this sense every definition is a synthetic proposition. What is defined, the straight line, is in the first place the intuition or representation.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of History is a classic work of philosophy by German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. First published in 1837, the book is a comprehensive exploration of the nature of history, its meaning, and its purpose. Hegel's central thesis is that history is a process of development that is driven by the dialectical interplay of opposing forces.In the book, Hegel examines the various stages of history, from ancient societies to modern times. He argues that each stage of history represents a particular moment in the development of human consciousness and that each stage is characterized by a particular set of social, political, and economic conditions.Hegel also explores the role of individuals in history, arguing that great individuals are those who are able to grasp the spirit of their time and act in accordance with it. He also examines the role of religion in history, arguing that it has played a crucial role in shaping human consciousness and social development.Overall, The Philosophy of History is a complex and challenging work that remains one of the most influential works of philosophy in the Western tradition. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the nature of history, the development of human consciousness, and the role of philosophy in understanding the world around us.It is not history itself that is here presented. We might more properly designate it as a History of History; a criticism of historical narratives and an investigation of their truth and credibility. Its peculiarity in point of fact and of intention, consists in the acuteness with which the writer extorts something from the records which was not in the matters recorded.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

This is the first of two volumes of the only English edition of Hegel's Aesthetics, the work in which he gives full expression to his seminal theory of art. The substantial Introduction is his best exposition of his general philosophy of art. In Part I he considers the general nature of art as a spiritual experience, distinguishes the beauty of art and the beauty of nature, and examines artistic genius and originality. Part II surveys the history of art from the ancient world through to the end of the eighteenth century, probing the meaning and significance of major works. Part III (in the second volume) deals individually with architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and literature; a rich array of examples makes vivid his exposition of his theory.

In the Science of Logic, Hegel sets out to show that the process by which consciousness assimilates objects into mental concepts is more dynamic and, one might say, messier then Kant describes it. Just as he does in the Phenomenology, Hegel traces here the movement of consciousness, or the idea, from basic categories to more complex ones. Consciousness attempts to grasp objects at a most basic level, finds this first attempt somehow unsatisfying as exposing inadequacies or contradictions, and proceeds to a higher level, and so on. In the Phenomenology and elsewhere, Hegel seems to imply that this dialectical unfolding is an inherent feature of the world we inhabit, governing history and culture. In Logic we see that the dialectic is a phenomena of ideas. But the two dimensions of reality (i.e., history, culture, and the world in general) and our ideal, mental, or conceptual grasp of things are not really separable. The world we live in is a world created by ideas. But our ideas do not emanate from the mind of a single individual, as other idealists such as Kant seem to imply. Concepts have an objective status. They exist outside of any individual as taken-for-granted reality. They belong to common cultural understanding.

This is the second of two volumes of the only English edition of Hegel's Aesthetics, the work in which he gives full expression to his seminal theory of art. The substantial Introduction is his best exposition of his general philosophy of art. In Part I he considers the general nature of art as a spiritual experience, distinguishes the beauty of art and the beauty of nature, and examines artistic genius and originality. Part II surveys the history of art from the ancient world through to the end of the eighteenth century, probing the meaning and significance of major works. Part III (in the second volume) deals individually with architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and literature; a rich array of examples makes vivid his exposition of his theory.

G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), the influential German philosopher, believed that human history was advancing spiritually and morally according to God's purpose. At the beginning of Lectures on the History of Philosophy, Hegel writes: What the history of Philosophy shows us is a succession of noble minds, a gallery of heroes of thought, who, by the power of Reason, have penetrated into the being of things, of nature and of spirit, into the Being of God, and have won for us by their labours the highest treasure, the treasure of reasoned knowledge. Volume 3 of Lectures on the History of Philosophy, titled Medieval and Modern Philosophy for this Bison Books edition, begins with a survey of the philosophy of the middle ages, leaving the pagan world for the Christian and extending to the sixteenth century A.D. Hegel shows how scholastic theology and philosophy developed through the efforts of Peter Lombard, Thomas Aquinas, and others. Hegel's treatment of the modern period of philosophy focuses on Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hobbes, Leibnitz, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, and Fichte.

Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of Nature is a comprehensive work by the renowned German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. It is a part of his larger philosophical system, which aims to explain the nature of reality and human experience. In this particular book, Hegel explores the relationship between nature and the human mind, and how the two interact to create the world we live in.Hegel begins by examining the concept of nature itself, arguing that it is not a static or fixed entity, but rather a dynamic and evolving process. He then delves into the various aspects of nature, including matter, space, time, and causality, and explores how they relate to one another.Throughout the book, Hegel draws on a wide range of scientific and philosophical sources, including the works of Aristotle, Descartes, and Kant. He also incorporates his own unique insights and perspectives, making this book a valuable contribution to the field of philosophy of nature.Overall, The Philosophy of Nature is a challenging but rewarding read for anyone interested in exploring the fundamental nature of reality and the human experience. It is a seminal work in the history of philosophy and continues to be studied and debated by scholars and thinkers around the world.It may be noted in passing that it was an extraordinary notion of Kant's to claim that the definition of the straight line as the shortest distance between two points is a synthetic proposition, for my concept of straightness contains nothing of size, but only a quality. In this sense every definition is a synthetic proposition. What is defined, the straight line, is in the first place the intuition or representation.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), the influential German philosopher, believed that human history was advancing spiritually and morally according to God's purpose. At the beginning of this masterwork, Hegel writes: What the history of Philosophy shows us is a succession of noble minds, a gallery of heroes of thought, who, by the power of Reason, have penetrated into the being of things, of nature and of spirit, into the Being of God, and have won for us by their labours the highest treasure, the treasure of reasoned knowledge. In his introduction to this Bison Book edition, Frederick C. Beiser notes the complex and controversial history of Hegel's text. He makes a case that this English-language translation by E. S. Haldane and Frances H. Simson is still the most reliable one.

G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), the influential German philosopher, believed that human history was advancing spiritually and morally according to God's purpose. At the beginning of Lectures on the History of Philosophy, Hegel writes: What the history of Philosophy shows us is a succession of noble minds, a gallery of heroes of thought, who, by the power of Reason, have penetrated into the being of things, of nature and of spirit, into the Being of God, and have won for us by their labours the highest treasure, the treasure of reasoned knowledge. Volume 2 of Lectures on the History of Philosophy, titled Plato and the Platonists for this Bison Books edition, introduces the most renowned disciple of Socrates and the theory of Platonic forms before moving to Plato's disciple, Aristotle, whose advance to scientific thinking is carefully detailed. The subsequent increasing systematization and sophistication of philosophy leads to a discussion of the Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. The first period in the history of philosophy comes to maturity with Plotinus in the third century B.C.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel gave many lectures in logic at Berlin University between 1818 and his untimely death in 1831. Edited posthumously by Hegel's son, Karl, these lectures were published in German in 2001 and now appear in English for the first time. Because they were delivered orally, Lectures on Logic is more approachable and colloquial than much of Hegel's formal philosophy. The lectures provide important insight into Hegel's science of logic, dialectical method, and symbolic logic. Clark Butler's smooth translation helps readers understand the rationality of Hegel's often dark and difficult thought. Readers at all levels will find a mature and particularly clear presentation of Hegel's systematic philosophical vision.

Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of Nature is a book written by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a German philosopher, and published in 1817. The book is a part of Hegel's larger work, the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. In this book, Hegel explores the concept of nature and its relationship with human consciousness and reason. Hegel's philosophy of nature is based on the idea that nature is not a static entity but rather a dynamic process that is constantly changing and evolving. He argues that nature is not just a collection of objects but rather a system of interconnected processes that are governed by laws and principles. Hegel's approach to the philosophy of nature is deeply influenced by his belief in the importance of reason and consciousness. He argues that human consciousness is not separate from nature but rather an integral part of it. According to Hegel, human reason is the key to understanding the laws and principles that govern nature. The Philosophy of Nature is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of matter and the laws that govern it. The second part explores the concept of organic life and the principles that govern it. The third part deals with the concept of the mind and its relationship with nature. Overall, The Philosophy of Nature is an important work in the history of philosophy. It provides a unique perspective on the relationship between nature, consciousness, and reason and has influenced many subsequent philosophers and thinkers.It may be noted in passing that it was an extraordinary notion of Kant's to claim that the definition of the straight line as the shortest distance between two points is a synthetic proposition, for my concept of straightness contains nothing of size, but only a quality. In this sense every definition is a synthetic proposition. What is defined, the straight line, is in the first place the intuition or representation.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of History is a seminal work by German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Originally published in 1837, it is a comprehensive exploration of the nature of history, its purpose, and its relationship to human society. Hegel's philosophy of history is based on the idea that history is a rational process that unfolds according to a predetermined plan. He argues that history is driven by the development of human consciousness, and that the ultimate goal of history is the realization of human freedom. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of history itself, and Hegel's approach to studying it. The second part examines the different stages of historical development, from the ancient world to the modern era. The third part focuses on the role of religion, art, and philosophy in shaping history. Throughout the book, Hegel draws on a wide range of historical examples and philosophical concepts to support his arguments. He also engages with the works of other philosophers, such as Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche, to develop his own unique perspective on the nature of history. The Philosophy of History is considered a landmark work in the field of philosophy, and has had a significant influence on subsequent thinkers in fields such as sociology, anthropology, and political theory. It is a challenging but rewarding read for anyone interested in the nature of history and its relationship to human society.It is not history itself that is here presented. We might more properly designate it as a History of History; a criticism of historical narratives and an investigation of their truth and credibility. Its peculiarity in point of fact and of intention, consists in the acuteness with which the writer extorts something from the records which was not in the matters recorded.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.